| In recent years, our country has found more and more suit for large-scale open-pit mining of large coalfield, the coal reserves are huge, coal seam are large and thick, hosting in a wide area, cannot effectively complete resource recovery by a single open pit mine, in this case, a large-scale coalfield development by a number of large open-air coal, so as to improve the efficiency of resource recycling and promote the development of the theory and the practice in mining. With the further development of open mine project, format the surface mine group’s type, the conflict of mutual influence of adjacent opencast in the same coalfield have become increasingly prominent, has become an unavoidable and unneglect problem, such as the mining area frequent steering in Pingshuo surface mine group of Zhongmei company; The coal covered in adjacent end slope are huge in Baiyinhua No.1 mine and No. 2 mine; The Zhunneng surface mine group of Shenhua company can be better to sharing infrastructure and comprehensive optimize mining procedure and development transportation system.However, our country’s surface mine group theory researches are seldom on the present stage, it cannot effectively guide the daily production practice,therefore, carry out the research that development theory and optimization technology on surface mine group and apply it in the production practice, it has important theoretical significance and practical value for our country’s surface mine group’s type development on large coalfield.The main findings of the thesis are as follows:1. Proposed the concept of surface mine group, study and analysis its features and advantages; On this basis, summed up our country’s large coal field which suit for surface mine group mode, and contrast with the typical surface mine group’s status quo in major coal-producing foreign countries.(1) Proposed the concept of surface mine groups: surface mine group refers to the collection of open-pit that space-time interrelated and develop by one legal in the same piece of coal, so it can be achieve integrated optimization of resource allocation in mining border, mining processes, mining technology, infrastructure, security management, etc.(2) Analysis and put forward four characteristics of open pit mine group: ① located in the same region with similar natural, social conditions, so as to have an objective basis for joint development and sharing of resources; ② One legal mode development of open pit mining group can improve the recovery rate of resources in the greatest degree. At the same time, each mine’s resource sharing will be easily, it can change mine right border overlap between country and locality. ③ Within the group of open-pit mine are related in time and space, mutual interaction in the realm, synchronism in time and mutual influence, and thus become an organic whole, realize the true meaning joint development among the open pit mines. ④ Mine groups within each of open-pit mine exist production, auxiliary resource sharing, the infrastructure and production data reach to optimizing the allocation, reduce the repeated construction, the main purpose of surface mine group mode development is to achieve optimal in economy, if the mines of mine group have not achieve resources sharing, in fact, it is still the traditional patterns of a single open pit mine.(3) Analysis and put forward the advantage of surface mining group mode: ① it can achieve the greatest degree of coal quality collocation in the interior, optimizing the structure of production capacity, reduce the dependence on external resources of coal blending; ② Quickly upgrade the overall size of surface mining group, such as the Pingshuo opencast mine’s production reach to100 million tons in short time by surface mine group mode. ③ By means of surface mining group procedure optimization, reduce mine steering, cooperative exploitation to eliminate end slope, improve the recovery rate of resources and the production efficiency. ④ Share infrastructure, reduce the cost of building new mines; ⑤ Mine group internal production data sharing, such as production equipment, disposal, optimize the development and transportation system and other measures, it can effectively reduce the production cost of coal mine group. ⑥ Surface mining group exploitation, cooperative exploitation of mines, the ability of cope with complex geological conditions of mining area can be enhanced, ensure the stability of annual coal production.(4)To summarized the domestic main large coal filed which suit for surface mining group development model, lists its reserves and planning situation, comparing with the typical open-pit mine group development of United States, Australia, Canada and India.2. Put forward the concept and composition of total scale of open-pit mine group and to further analyze the open pit mine group production scale, must be purchased coal quantity and open pit mine group’s economy purchased volume of coal, then summarizes and analysis to presented technical route and the mathematical model.(1) The total scale of open pit mine group refers to the total size of foreign sales of coal, which is composed of open-pit mine production scale and purchased scale. In 2011, Shenhua company produced 282 million tons of coal, the sales of commodities coal is 387 million tons, purchased commodity coal is 105 million tons, year-on-year growth of 56.15%, two consecutive years maintained a growth rate of around 55%, the proportion of purchased coal accounted for coal sales is 27.21%, it create a high record in history with an increase of 6 percentage points. According to the plan, the Shenhua company purchased coal account for the total sale will be 40%; in 2011, Annual output of raw coal of Zhongmei company is 164 million tons, purchased coal reached to 32.3 million tons, which account for self-produced coal is 19.70%, increase 24.6% compared to the same period. Effect of outsourcing of coal in the coal production enterprises will be more and more big, therefore, this paper will be incorporated it into the open pit mine group total size, in order to accord with the actual operation situation of coal production enterprises in china.(2) The production scale of surface mine group refers to the various mines own production of total coal mining, the paper put forward the technical route and determining method of open pit mine group production scale, according to the limit of reserve to determine the upper scale, according to the economies of scale to determine the lower scale, put the mining technology, the length of work line, local outsourcing construction ability, auxiliary link, investment amount of financing and external transportation environment as a constraint, and then identified through technical and economic comparison in these factors, determine the economic and reasonable production scale of open pit mine group;(3) Surface mine group purchased scale refers to the mine enterprises in order to achieve the requirements of state policies and getting more profit by coal sales, the coal will be sell after coal blending by outsourcing and its own production, this part outsourcing is called the surface mine group purchased scale, the scale divide two part: open pit mine group must be purchased coal quantity and open pit mine group economy purchased coal quantity;(4) Must be purchased volume: coal production enterprises to meet the national policy, make coal quality limit for long-distance transportation, before arrive in sales not through a blending to achieve profit maximization and the policy limit at the same time, it is need to meet the policy requirement for the first time and meet the long-distance transportation of coal policy restrictions, coal blending in the right place to meet the economic benefit, purchased coal amount in that time is called must be purchased amount. Through the analysis of railway transportation distance and market capacity between the location and the main sale place, this paper think the majority of surface mine group’s transport distance must exceed 600 km,the mine must be meet the national requirements of long-distance transport of coal, if the internal blending still cannot meet the requirements of policy, we should only to purchased coal to blending, or to sell the coal to lower requirements and meet the policy constraint region, in this case, the enterprise marketing plan will be restricted. The paper also proposes to technical process and mathematical model of outsourcing quantity.(5) Economic purchased volume: the coal production enterprises in order to achieve maximum economic benefit get the suitable commercial coal and sales through the purchased coal In the precondition of satisfying the restrictions of national policy, this purchased coal is called economic purchased amount. Economic purchased coal mainly depends on national policy and sales customer requirements for coal quality parameters, the purchased quantity higher, the affected of the enterprise sales profits for the outside market become larger. The paper also proposes to technical process and mathematical model of outsourcing quantity.3. Analysis the basic types and the corresponding characteristics of open pit mine group’s mining procedure optimization, analysis and proposed the advantage and influence factors of open-pit mining group procedure optimization, thus further to put forward its evaluation index system, technical route and mathematical model.(1) The basic types of open pit mine group mining procedure optimization are divided into three kinds: The same direction promotes mining, the relative direction promotes mining, and the vertical direction promotes mining. Analysis of the main characteristics of various type of optimization, combining with the engineering practice of Pingshuo mine group and Baiyinhua mine group to described. The paper also analyzes the advantage of open pit mine group procedure optimization: ① The coordination of end slope covering coal, improve the recovery rate of resources; ②The mining group overall optimization, reduce the number of mining change direction; ③ sharing disposal space, reduce the amount of two strips; ④ Remove portions of the adjacent end slope, reduce maintenance work of slope, especially for soft rock in open-pit mine; ⑤it can reduce the coal spontaneous combustion danger and helpful to the mine safety of production work;(2)Analysis of the influencing factors of the optimization : ①The differences between the different mining technology; ② The effect of development haulage system; ③ The influence of internal and external disposal ④ The influence of auxiliary production⑤ Temporal and spatial position coordination of adjacent open pit mine; ⑥ Effects of slope stability;(3) Proposed open pit mine group mining procedure optimization index system, The whole index system is divided into two layers, The first layer: open pit mine group layer, which Including the "total amount of coal mine group phase equilibrium", "mine group stripping ratio" and "additional investment" three indicators; The second layer: surface mine layer, which including "open pit mining’s total quantity ", "total amount of open-pit stripping", "disposal capacity", "comprehensive distance ", "stage stripping aggregate equilibrium", "correlation of stage coal quantity and stripping volume, "hidden danger", "development and transportation system complexity" of eight indicators;(4) Paper apply a composite ideal solution to deal with comprehensive evaluation of mining procedure, The traditional ideal solution algorithm can only evaluation for one pit, unable to meet the needs of open-pit mining program evaluation group. Based on the traditional ideal solution algorithm, presents a plurality of ideal solution for non-dimensional methods of composite, in order to adapt to the need of open-pit mining program optimization evaluation group.4. Aiming at the characteristics of open pit mine dumping group, puts forward the technical process of dumping optimization of open-pit mine group, and further proposed open pit mine group’s inner l and external disposal of the flow optimization model, according to the feedback of external disposal optimization results to adjustment production among of open pit, so as to reduce the objective of mine group total cost.(1) Analysis and puts forward the characteristics of open pit mine group disposal optimization: ① external dump of open pit mine breaking the original ownership boundaries; ② Inner disposal still dumped by the mine and try to full of it; ③ Mine group’s external disposal bottom area can be extended and cannot be constraint from open pit boundary; ④ Minimize the dump of outside mine group; ⑤ According to the optimization results of the flow, reduce the cost of the dump and Improve the production of the mine that within the inner dump space, so it can reach the aim that reduce the total cost. On this basis, put forward the technical process of dumping optimization of open-pit mine group, form a complete regulation of "dumping- yield‖;(2) Proposed the mathematical model of boundary optimization, dump build and the calculation of abandoned capacity, According to the characteristics of the actual transportation in open-pit mine, proposed algorithms and mathematical formula of weighted transportation work in the case of downhill and no-load or full load.(3) Surface mine group’s optimization model of internal and external dump. First of all, to optimize the internal dump in each open-pit mine, According to the total discharge quantity lose all internal discharge quantity, get the total external displacement of mine group, meanwhile, the dump no longer specific belong to someone open pit mine, open pit mine can dump to all external disposal, take mine group overall transport work minimum as the objective function to optimize, exert the advantages of open pit mining group;(4) Proposed technical process and mathematical formula optimization results for single ore yield adjustment: From the flow optimization model consists of the inner and external dump, we can reverse concludes the discharge quantity of each open pit to the inner and outer dump, so we can get the annual total abandoned of open pit mine, combining with the mine production stripping ratio, we can also concluded that the annual economic production scale of the surface mine. |
PDF Full Text Request