| In the21st century, human faces lots of the global environmental problems. Human can no longer be avoided contradiction between human activity and envionment. In order to predict trend of the globe change, we must konw the past, especially environmental changes during the Holocene. Taihu region today is not only an important economic center, but also gave birth to the brilliant prehistoric civilization. Eastern Taihu Plain is low-lying, and cultural development was vanurable to the climate-sea level-lakes-swamps coupling effects. Natural formation unaffected by human activities was selected to study the environmental evolution of eastern Taihu Plains druing Holocene systematicly. We used pollen, magnetic susceptibility, charcoal and phytoliths proxies, combining with other natural formations and archaeological sites in the study area to explore the vegetation and environmental change.1) Foraminifera was not found in the PingWang core, we concluded preliminarily that the eastern Taihu plains was not affected by transgression duiring the Holocene(11.5-0kaBP) and the Neolithic(11.5ka～4kaBP). The area during the Holocene was mainly dominated by fresh water lakes-marshes.11.2ka～9.1kaBP (432cm～350cm), pollen data showed that the area was discovered mainly by evergreen-deciduous forest, and wetland pollen. Most of Phytoliths are rectangular, non-protruding fan, saddle and short saddle et al. Tapered, flat rod and protruding rod also account for a certain percentage. The environment was warm and humid, and the area was marsh-wetlands.2)9.1ka～5.8kaBP (280～175cm) the zone was lacustrine deposits, and pollen concentration was largest in the core, and aquatic pollen increased sharply. The concentration of freshwater algae was large. The saddle and saddle decreased shortly, and rectangular, square contents increased. Evergreen broad-leaved forest vegetation was the mainly forest. It was warm and humid in the area, and the area might be a deep and large lake.3)5.8ka～1.3kaBP (175～50cm) The evergreen components increased, and the deciduous broad component reduced. Terrestrial herb increased to a high level, while aquatic herbaceous decreased and concentration of algae reduced. Phytoliths of long bell-shaped saddle and multi significantly increased, and square, rectangular and fan reduced. It indicated that the overall environment is warm and humid but drier than the lower than the upper partial. The area had been transformed from a deep lake to wetland marsh.4) Climate change in the eastern Taihu plain since11.5kaBP is consistent with monsoon paleoclimate in domestic, and climate change in this region have close contact with the monsoon. Many of global events was not prominent in this area, and just5.8kaBP and4.0kaBP cold events existed, indicating cliamte change features of the eastern Taihu plain are regional and global. Vegetation and environment changes in the eastern Taihu plain are not only by the climate change but also by the hydrological conditions change.5) The eastern Taihu plain was vulnarable to environmental change, and the living conditions of low-altitude zone was very fragile. The development from hunting and fishing to farming in the Neolithic had a greater relationship with climate and environment in the eastern Taihu plain. Pingwang area is too moist environment to humann activities, due to the low-lying. Economic development from hunting and fishing to farming have a greater relationship with environment in the Taihu Plain in Neolithic. Although a large number of wildlife resources could be collected, the ancients planted rice selectively. In the late period of Neolithic, planting rice developed fastly was not only with the pressure but also with the a large area of land exposed and more land resources. |
