Study Of The Simulation And Processing Techniques In Seismic Data Acquisition

Seismic exploration is an effective approach to obtain the subsurface geological structure and search for oil and gas resources. With the shortage of oil and gas resources, the requirement on the quality of the seismic data is much higher. Unfortunately, the problem of traditional acquisition methods hard to acquire high-quality seismic records is highlighted when the exploration expands to the complex surface areas such as Huangtuyuan and limestone outcrops. For the conventional marine seismic exploration, the notch effect caused by source ghosts brings great difficulty for the continuous data processing and interpretation.Uniting the performance and stability differences between geophones used today, this paper presented to improve the data quality by matched filtering different geophone data. The partial frequency band matched filtering method based on high-sensitivity seismic data maintains the low frequency advantage of the conventional geophone data and compensates the high frequency response with the help of high-sensitivity geophone data while the signal/noise ratio is also improved. The piezoelectric matched filtering methods on the one hand widens the frequency band-width and increases the resolution of the seismic records by matching the frequency superiority to the conventional data and on the other hand avoids the instability of mass using of piezoelectric geophones.In marine exploration, source ghosts severely limit the development of high-resolution seismic exploration. This paper presents to suppress the ghosts by taking advantages of the notch diversity caused by depth changing. By introducing bubble oscillation attenuation factor and period modification factor, this paper obtains a modified Johnson model to simulate the bubble oscillation of air-guns. Based on the modified Johnson model, a multi-level source composed by lateral sub-arrays was simulated to suppress the ghosts. The normalized squared error between actual multi-level source signature and expected ghost-free source signature was set as the target function to evaluate the de-ghosting performance and depth combinations, air-gun volumes, number of levels, and source geometry were taken into account as influence parameters and finally get the general design principle for a multi-level source. Directivity and stability comparison between horizontal sources and multi-level sources was also discussed. In order to simultaneously remove the ghosts and the bubble effect, this paper innovatively presents to use multi-depth slanted air-gun source which was composed by slanted sub-arrays. Based on the NSE metric, this paper systematically studied the influence of depth interval, sequence combination and number of levels on the de-ghosting performance and also the possibility of de-bubble by a slanted air gun source. Superior directivity and higher stability is another advantage of multi-depth slanted air-gun source compared to a horizontal source.