Study On The Mechanism Of Formation Of Industrial Hierarchy In Urban Agglomeration

As 21 century coming, city system has been being the leading force for development of Chinese economic. It is pointed out just like in the document, named , that " urban agglomeration should be the main body form of urbanization.....and the advantage complementation and division cooperation among city system are reinforced in order to enhance the competitive capability of all of the cities. " so that the industrial distribution among the cities has been the issues followed with interest by national researcher. It is very important for the construction and development in China that the hierarchical distribution of industries and mechanism of forming cities are studied through the development of cities system in developing countries. So the industrial rules to show hierarchical distribution in the typical cities in the world are described in this paper and the mechanism of its form is expounded on the view angle from the new geographical economics.Firstly, the information of cities and industrial distribution of the city system of Tokyo,new York,Paris, Changjiang River delta of China and Zhujiang River delta are analyzed in order to look for evidences of industrial hierarchy in urban agglomeration. Using the data of population of city, GDP and employments in any industries, it shows that the greater city scale the smaller the number, which the number of city and its scale is Pyramid distribution; that industrial layout of cities according to the size of the city from large one to small one reveals the characteristic of different hierarchy as below:predominated industrial servers, predominated manufacturing industries and prevail agriculture; that also the regularity of the industrial distribution of the core city from core to edge emerges; that more enterprise headquarters agglomerate to the core city in the cities system.Secondly, the forming mechanism of the industrial hierarchy above-mentioned is investigated below.The supporter of forming industrial hierarchy is the rule of the index distribution for the scale of city hierarchy. Many economic literatures indicated that the scale of city abide by Pareto index distribution and special case abide by Zipf's rule, but it seems that related literature of economics cannot explain this distribution. In this paper, the flow equilibrium model,which deduce the distribution, is set up on perspectives in network so that it is illustrated that the distribution of the city is bounded by not only economic activities but also other important factors. It is thought by this paper that the distribution of city scale exist before the industrial hierarchy emerges and that it is carrier of industrial hierarchy, which distribution is limited by the distribution of the city scale to some extent.The scale of the population, which causes the form of industrial hierarchy in both mono-center city and urban system, has a effect on the locking the industries and transferring the industries in city. With the scale of the city increasing, because the land rent in urban center arise and the market potential in various industries has changed, some industries transfer from the core of the city to the edge of the city. Some regularity of the industrial distribution present in core city. The model which expound the forming mechanism of the industries in core city is constructed in the paper and the scale of urban population, land rent, increasing return to scale and production variety are thought in the paper. When the scale of the city increase, change of the market potential of some industrial firm induce that the firms readdress and some of industries transfer. Some industries leave from core city so that it is obvious that the industries in cities system has been hierarchical distribution.Change of the organizational structure, especially separation of enterprise's headquarter and manufacturing department, draw the headquarters to core city so that headquarters agglomeration intensifies the rule of industrial hierarchy. It is explored that enterprise's headquarters centralize to the core city from a region or other countries. Causes on its transference are in most aspect, such as monetary, firm's combination, agglomeration economic, communication, transportation and institutes. When the higher integration in global and region economic activities comes, the sufficient condition that firm's headquarter move to the city with service industries is segregational function between firm's headquarters and manufacturing department inter-firm. The model with 2 cities and three department is constructed in the paper to delineate how to the headquarters move to service cities. Under the assumption of separation between headquarters and manufacturing department, headquarters would gather in the place there are more service varieties and amenities to gain its maxim profit.Some factors, such as the technical spillover, government tax burden and market, effect the development equilibrium about industrial hierarchy in city system. Form a perspective on the knowledge structure consisting of tacit-explicit and individual-collectivity, the paper says that the technological innovation firms agglomerating in large city is the result from social network organization and market potential which the large city have by the way thinking the effect that technical spillover exert on the industrial innovation agglomeration. A Footloose Entrepreneur Model extended is set up in the paper, which integrate many variables including government's tax burden, transport cost and production variety in order to know these variables how to effect labor flow between cities equilibrium by applying numerical simulation method. So we can know that all varibles above effect factors'location among cities.Thirdly, the form of industrial hierarchy of urban agglomeration in Changjiang River Delta is thought again from the angle of economic and employment increasing. the paper utilizes a shift-share analysis model with four factors to decompose the contribution to economic growth for all of the cities in the Changjiang River Delta into four components including the national trend, the industrial mix effect, the homothetic competitive effect and allocation effect so that we can investigate the influence, which each of cities exert on the urban agglomeration in the Changjiang River Delta, on the economic and employment growth. The result reveal that the cities in Jiangsu province have better location comparative advantage than those in Zhanjiang and that the delaminated economic is gradually formed among the cities in the Changjiang River Delta and that the industrial hierarchy has been presented now.