The New Distribution According To Work "theory

It seems too hard to find an economics concept as "distribution according to work" that causes so many confusions in Marxist economics. Therefore, it has become a long-standing problem for us to achieve "distribution according to work". Meanwhile, in this new historical period of establishing and perfecting the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics, it is also an unavoidable "new" theoretical subject for the Marxist economists in China today to interpret in systematic theory the specific forms of the implementation and the realizing mechanism of "distribution according to work".In the circle of Marxist economics, research on "distribution according to work" mainly focus on the comprehension of "work" and the scientific interpretation of the relations between "distribution according to work" and "distribution according to productive factors". In fact, these two points boil down to one actual problem, that is how to provide a theoretically consistent interpretation for "upholding and improving the distribution according to work is dominant and a variety of modes of distribution coexist, perfecting labour, capital, technology, managerial expertise and other production factors participate in distribution according to contribution" under the circumstance of Chinese socialist market economy.The new theory of "distribution according to labour"(or "NTDAL" for short) holds that Marx's economic formation of society theory, the historical determination of capital theory and the category of "capital in general" are not only three theoretical sources for re-learning the concept of "capital" and understanding of the socialist market economy, but also the deepest theoretical basis for proposing and constructing NTDAL to realize theoretical innovation. The socialist society with Chinese characteristics, which is still in "the second economic formation of society" of human being and will remains there for a long time to come, serves to fulifill the historical determination of capital, so as to create material and mental conditions for human being marching for "the third economic formation of society" which will realize free and all-round development of social members. Therefore, the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics will be ruled over and penetrated into by the logic of "capital in general" which pursues value proliferation, and commodities are still the element form of social wealth (including the material wealth and the spiritual wealth). Labour, the most basic human life activity, will also be ruled by the logic of "capital in general" and represented as abstract labour which is condensed or materialized into value entity. Thus the whole real life of human being (including material life and spiritual life) will be reduced to a kind of social being submitting to the logic of "capital in general". In this era, contributions from mental production factors, i.e. scientific knowledge, technical knowledge and management knowledge, etc. become more and more conspicuous. As the fruit of people's mental labour and mental production, these intellectual products are also represented as commodities with usage value and value, although they have no specific forms. Above all, intellectual means of production with different use value can be mastered and possessed by labour through learning or practicing or other sort of labour (especially mental labour) and are inseparable from their owners. They turn into labourers'labour capital. Under these conditions, the work of producing goods is a process of laboer's applying consciously & purposely, through integrating wit certain material means of production, his own labour ability (physical and intellectual powers) and labour capital (the intellectual means of production mastered by labourer, including natural science and social science knowledge). Borrowing & assimilating Marx's scientific abstract method which studies surplus value by bypassing profits, interests, rent and other special form of surplus value, NTDAL, when studing labour capital, bypasses labour capital's special forms such as knowledge of science, technology and management and grasps the common economic nature of society, i.e. the nature of value which is human's abstract labour condensed or materialized and the nature of movement which pursue value proliferation of "capital in general".Under the view of NTDAL, as every socialistic labourer has his own knowledge and skill in the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics, the new ownership type of the means of production through the integration of intellectual means of production and labourer will certainly result in a new type of socialist relations of production and production mode with the characteristics of "dual property rights, dual combining modes". On one hand, socialistic labourer who has knowledge and skill has dual property rights of labour commodity and labour capital; on the other hand, the union of material instruments of production and labourer as the owner of labour commodity is a kind of "indirect combination", while the union of intellectual means of production and labourer as the owner of labour capital is a kind of "direct combination". According to the basic principle of "the distribution of production results depends on the distribution of production conditions" in Marxist economics, the new type of socialist relations of production and production mode with the characteristics of "dual property rights, dual combining modes" requires objectively a new distribution system which intergrating organically "distribution according to work" and "distribution according to productive factors (including knowledge of science, technology and management and other intellectual means of production, labour capital is a general economic category which includes these different specific production elements)".NTDAL argues that, in the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics, the essence of distribution is the distribution of value, the logic of distribution is to disbute according to the ownership of production factors (including material elements and intellectual elements). On one hand, labourer as the owner of labour commodity demand for distributing according to the value of labour commodity (i.e. wage); on the other hand, labourer as the owner of labour capital or the mental production factors which is incorporated into its owner demand for gaining some of surplus value created by labour himself. NTDAL probes into its realization form and mechanism based on the formula of prduct value in Marxist economics. Firstly, the value formula of goods is "transformed" into a formula of value distribution, and then the formula of value distribution is expanded theoretically & serially in the order of Marxist economics and the theory of Marxism labour capitalization. Finally, the realization forms and mechanisms (including static mechanism and dynamic mechanism) of NTDAL are represented systematically. Meanwhile, every step of expansion of value distribution formulas is given its formal expression accordingly (including eight mathematical equations).Therefore, a complete mathematical expression of NTDAL has been estalished. Hence, TDAW in traditional socialistic plutonomy has been developed into a new theory shape, i.e. NTDAL.Under the condition of grasping the essence of Marxist economics and making full use of Marx's labour value theory, NTDAL adhering to the guidance by the methodology of materialist dialectics & integrating with the specific features of the times and social economic conditions of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics, strives to provide a new theoretical explanation for the theory of "distribution according to work"(or "TDAW" for short) in traditional socialistic plutonomy through academic innovation. NTDAL is likely to offer a theoretical answer of Marxism economics to the long-running controversy between "distribution according to work" and "distribution according to productive factors". The purpose of proposing & constructing NTDAL is to provide a logically consistent theoretical explanation of Marxism economics for "upholding and improving the distribution according to work is dominant and a variety of modes of distribution coexist, perfecting labour, capital, technology, managerial expertise and other production factors participate in distribution according to contribution" in the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics. The proposal of NTDAL is expected to make Marx's thought of TDAW embodied & modernized to propel the process of the sinicization of Marxism economics in a practical sence.