Rearch On The Contingency Imbedding Mode Of Industry Clusters Into Global Value Chains

Generally, two erroneous tendencies exist in the choosing practice on the imbedding of the domestic industry clusters into the mode of global value chains, the one is the tendency of mechanism and the other is tendency of pragmatism. The tendency of mechanism is mainly manifested as pursuing of single embedded mode. Under the circumstances, the main task of embedded mode selection is to seek the embedded mode of the domestic industry clusters to merge into global value chains.Along with the continuous change of the external environment and the development of the self competition, the rigid embedded mode represents not only the lost of opportunity cost but the price of habitual faculty. Under the tendency of pragmatism, the domestic industry clusters usually begin their own global business with the low-risk embedded mode and the initial mode is original equipment manufacture or indirect export in most cases. Domestic industry clusters has to seek the more efficient mode only when it doesn't work or can't gain profits. This initial mode can reduce the uncertainty of the integrating the global value chain to avoid the possible risk of failure. However, guided by the erroneous thought, domestic industry clusters wouldn't seek the more profitable and strategic mode actively. Therefore, facing the increasing competition in the global environment, domestic industry clusters would be overtaken by the more active market explorers. In accordance with the contingency theory, the present paper constructs the contingent choice mode on the imbedding of the existing industry clusters into the mode of global value chains and makes empirical test dynamically through the modification.Guided by the contingency theory, in this article we use the Humphrey and Schmitz's mode on the imbedding of the existing industry clusters into the mode of global value chains based on the management structure of value chain, stand for the former achievement, adopt the method of combining literature review with field study and the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis to construct the contingent choice mode on the imbedding of the existing industry clusters into the mode of global value chains. The research results as followed:Combining embedding channel,generalizing 5 embedding modes based on the management structure of value chain.From the point of view of cluster developmental approach, the definition of the clusters embedding mode only can describe the future development of clusters assumably and can't make a concrete analysis about the clusters embedding mode; from the point of view of embedding channel, the definition of the clusters embedding mode could expand field of vision of economicagents and make the best choice through comparing and weighing the applicability of multiple channel and the difficult degree of acquirement before they join the global value chain. But the specific embedding channel only can provide the direct entrance of the global value chain and can't show the status of the different concrete behavior subjects and the upgrading prospect after they enter into the chain. This article uses the related research achievements of Humphrey and Schmitz for reference and generalizes 5 embedding modes based on the management structure of value chain. Such as:Being merged,Original equipment manufacture. Mutual benefit cooperation,Turnkey job and Export.Embedding channels and the management structure of value chain are related together organically by these 5 modes. On the one hand, these modes provide the direct entrance of the global value chain, and on the other hand, these embodies the symmetry degree of power between different concrete behavior subjects in global value chain, therefore, these can form the same representative framework to analyze the upgrading prospects among the participators of the value chain.Life periods,production factors of industrial clusters is the important contingency factor to choose the mode on the imbedding of the domestic industry clusters into the mode of global value chains.This article combined with the relevant literature to get the conclusion that embeddedness,size, life period production factor of industrial clusters is the important contingency factor to choose the mode on the imbedding of the domestic industry clusters into the mode of global value chains. Furthermore, it analyzes the mechanism about the contingency factors to choose the embedding modes and verifies that subjective inference. And then, by means of statistical methods, such as correlated analysis,factor analysis,variance analysis and so on, and by using spss15.0 professional software,this article quantified analyses and verifies the conclusion deduced out by qualitative research. The results showed that the embedding modes would be converted among the 5 modes followed with the evolution from formative phases to mature stages. When the character of labor intensive is obvious, the possibility to choose the mode of Original Equipment Manufacture is maximal, Export Mode is secondly and the possibility to choose the Turnkey Job mode is minimal. While the character of technology intensive is obvious the possibility to choose the mode of Export is maximal, Turnkey Job mode is secondly and the possibility to choose the Original Equipment Manufacture mode is minimal.The fitness of embedding mode and influence factors of contingency embedding will positively related with cluster upgrade.In accodance with contingency theory,this paper point out the fitness of embedding mode and influence factors of contingency embedding will positively related with cluster upgrade. This article makes empirical test of the action mechanism of life periods,labor and technology production factors of industrial clusters working on the embedding modes. The results showed that the fitness of embedding mode and influence factors of contingency embedding will positively related with cluster upgrade.