| The rapid development of economy and education has advanced the stock and hiberarchy of human capital of China in the past decade,Which has effectively promoted the development of economy. However, human capital distribution of China'population has been uneven, since innitial schooling level has been low, as well as education is unequal. The different role played in economic activities by different skilled human capital, together with the imperfect tradability of private human capital, implies that inequality of human capital will affect economic growth. Hovewer, correlative studies on impact on economic growth of human capital more emphasize the effect of stock or level of human capital, a few study the effect of human capital inequality. The framework of theoretical analysis on impact of human capital inequality on economic growth more established on the practice of education and economy of developed countries. However, based on the practice of development of our country's education and economy, theoretical and empirical studies on mechanism and effect of influence economic growth as well as itself's evolution of human capital inequality are devoid. Accordingly, following issue will be analyzed in this thesis.The theoretical framework of impact on economic growth of human capital inequality is built on three channels through which human capital impact on economic growth,based on the practice of our country's education and economy. Namely, human capital inequality influences human catipal accumulation; as a production factor, human capital inequality influences production output; human capital inequality influences total factor productivity. The impact on the three factors of economic growth of human capital inequality is mathematically analyzed.Considering the constraint of family income on capacity of investment in human capital and the reducing impact on education cost of individual learning ability, a decision-making model of human capital investment is built, to deduce the evolution of human capital inequality and its impact on human capital accumulation. A result is provided that the proportion of skilled human capital has a threshold of low development track-down and a high growth equilibrium, the impact on human capital accumulation of human capital inequality is prohibition in the first time and then promotion.Considering the ability to use technology as a key factor influencing economic growth, as the subject of technology implement, human capital inequality would affect production output through its influence of implement in production of technology. In this thesis, various skilled human capital is taken as the input of used to produce intermediate goods, a model framework including two production sectors is built to study the impact on production output of human capital inequality. The effect of impact is studied, on condition that there are non-substitution, imperfect substitution among production factors in final goods sectors, and there is downward substitution between different skilled human capital. Studies find, that low human capital inequality promote upgrading industies and production output growth, there be a optimum inequality level of human capital in a given industrial type, the more capital-intensive the industry is, the more even is the optimum distribution of human capital. Namely, a ecomomy with more uneven distribution of human capital has the comparative advantage to develop labor-intensive industries.The impact on second innovation and diffusion of imported technology of human capital inequality in a technology impoted country is analyzed. The level of imported technology is calculated by maximum of country's economic benefit. According to concepted relationship between technical usage level, function level and skill level of human capital who use and innovate technology, the relationship between human capital inequality and second innovation rate and diffusion rate of imported is studied using technical innovation equation and endogenous technical diffusion equation respectively. This study find, that human capital inequality promote technical innovation, only if more part is taken by higher skilled individual human capital in innovative activity. In addition, human capital prohibits diffusion of imported technology.Using provincial-level panel data of 30 provinces of our country from 1995 to 2005, the effect on growth of every economic factor of human capital inequality through three influence channel is estimated using general least square(GLS) method. This is a supplement to existing empirical study on impact on human capital accumulation and economic growth of human capital inequality。The effect of impact on aggregate economic growth of human capital inequality is estimated using the GMM metheod of first differential dynamic panel. According to the comparison between estimation result and theretical deduction, theoretical analysis is efficiently proved, and mechanism of impact on economic growth of human capital inequality is empirical estimated.Factors and its effect of influence of human capital inequality of our country are analyzed. The effects of impact on human capital distribution evolution and accumulation of two factors, whose effects are ambigous, is studied. Considering the influence on individual learning ability of primary education fund and the influence on reducing private education cost of higher education funds, the impact on inequality and accumulation of human capital of allocation of education funds is studied using the extended human capital investment decision-making model. In the same way, considering the influence on human capital distribution of urban region and ability to investment to children's education of unskilled labor family of immigration of rural unskilled labor, the impact on human capital accumulation and aggregate economic development of immigration is studied. Finally, according to analysis of total thesis, some political proposal is proposed which help to promote economic growth in different development stage.
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