Chinese Maritime Trade Development Strategy Study

This article consists of three parts:the introduction,the main body and the conclusion.The introduction part exerts light on the reasons for choosing this topic, the comprehensive summarization of references,the innovation,the difficulties and some problems involved.The main body starts from the first chapter to the fourth chapter.The first chapter is theory and strategy regarding development of sea trade in foreign countries which is composed by three sections:the first section gives a clear definition of sea trade,that is,the trade through sea transportation;then,it illustrates some features of sea trade from such aspects as cost,time,volume,range and risks in a bid to give a whole picture of sea trade being characteristic of lower cost,longer time,larger volume, wider range and more risks.The second section summarizes and analyses important theories concerning sea trade.The third section explains and argues the strategies of Britain,America and Soviet Union(Russia) with more emphasis and counterparts of Portugal,Spain,Holland,France,Germany and Japan so as to show the general situation of foreign development of sea trade.The second chapter is the history and current situation of China's sea trade.This chapter consists of two sections and the first section summarizes the experience and lessons of development of sea trade in ancient and modern China,to the effect that, sea trade still is an auxiliary in ancient China though sea trade ever flourished in some time;in modern China,it becomes very passive when China is subject to humiliation. The second section first analyses the process of China's increasingly deepening understanding of sea and then it divides policy as to sea trade into two parts:the first part is sea trade policy of plan and control while the second part is sea trade of market and flexibility,on the basis of which it shows significant achievement derived from Reform and Opening up Policy in order to illustrate sea trade has become an part bearing significant importance to socialist market economy.The third chapter is significance and conditions of China's development of sea trade.This chapter consists of three sections:the first section is the significance of China's development of sea trade which is exhibited in three aspects:the first aspect refers to economy,that is,the development of sea trade is conducive to progress and improvement of our socialist market economy,to realization of modernization in east regions in advance so as to raise its economic radiation,and to the transformation of development manner to promote sound and rapid development of economy.The second aspect refers to security,that is,sea trade ships are considered as the indispensible "Fourth Arm" which features military supplementation;sea trade is bound to generate cooperation with other countries and regions;sea trade is beneficial to utilization of domestic and international market and resources so as to provide with materials needed.The third aspect refers to culture,that is,extensive range of sea trade can help people of different areas,different countries,and different races to conduct exchanges;sea trade features pioneering spirit and can overcome some demerits included in our agriculture civilization and it goes further to point out only development of sea trade can avoid hiding ourselves always indoors and create benign circle for the mutual improvement of trade,exchange and innovation.The second section is favorable conditions to China's development of sea trade.More and more people have realized participation into the development of sea,which is considered as the most important factor to push forward China's development of sea trade,is unavoidable in three ways:the first is visualization of broadcast is becoming easier for people to accept sea knowledge;the second is the misery memory in modern China is unforgettable to our Chinese people;the third is China is increasingly engaged into more and more international activities regarding sea affairs and many relevant documents have been published.Increasingly open mind,policy and documents promoting opening up and China's revised Foreign Trade Law all lay a good foundation for the optimizing environment of openness.China boosts large sea territory and many favorable ports,because based on the UN Convention on the law of sea,China enjoys territory of 300 square kilometers and China spare no efforts to develop important ports on one hand,and try its best to increase the rationality of the layout of ports on the other.Given China has become the country with the third largest trade volume and the largest demand of goods transported from sea,goods transported from sea will undergo sustainable growth and will function as impetus to the development of sea trade.International laws based on UN Convention on the law of sea and domestic laws including Law of territorial sea and contiguous zone,Law of exclusive economic zone and continental shelf and Maritime commerce law as well as many other being updated laws are all legal guarantees to sound sea trade development.The third section is unfavorable conditions of China's development of sea trade.Our traditional thinking of putting land farm at the first place while curbing commerce and land superior to sea is to a large extent an obstacle to the development of sea trade currently;conflicts of sea territory is harmful to smooth sea trade line,to enrichment of trade by using of resources hidden in the relevant areas and to the conduct of sea trade between China and other related countries.China faces great challenges of weak control of sea trade line and maritime rescue.What is more,many sea powers such as America,Japan and India function well to hurdle China's development.The fourth chapter is the strategic concept of China's development of sea trade which is the very emphasis of this article.This chapter consists of three sections:the first section is trying to construct sea strategy in order to lead the development of sea trade.This section illustrates the relation between the construction of sea strategy and development of sea trade from two aspects,that is,construction of sea strategy is the prerequisite of development of sea trade and development of sea trade is the important part of the construction of sea strategy.Then,it summarizes the current planning system from six aspects,that is,maritime engineering development plan,maritime science and technology development plan,promotion of maritime economy plan, exploitation of sea resources plan,sea environmental protection plan and maritime public welfare development plan.The system has such defects as lack of a common, clear and general goal,lack of guiding principles covering all fields and lack of possible method to realize the aforesaid goal.Therefore,the author from such mutual affecting factors as goal,principles and method points out the basic concept of sea strategy.The goal is to build a sea power without seeking hegemony on the basis of five aspects,that is,the themes of our times,the vicissitudes of sea powers,China's persistent commitment to the world,the legal foundation of China's handling with international affairs.Circling this goal,this article points out China's sea strategy must follow the principles of peace,development and law.Therefore,we need to appropriately handle conflicts of sea territory and moderately develop sea power to fulfill the principle of peace;we need to strengthen maritime education and intensify maritime radiation to fulfill the principle of development;we need to fulfill the principle of law by adding the development of sea to our constitution and improve simultaneous laws.The second section is to abide by the rule of World Trade Organization to promote the development of sea trade.This section first illustrates the relation between China's accession to WTO and Chin's development of sea trade from two aspects,that is,China's accession to WTO accelerates China's development of sea trade and China's development of sea trade must stick to the rules of WTO.Then, it moves on to illustrate measures to develop sea trade under the framework of WTO by intensifying the efforts to build up world shipping center,adopting most favored nation treatment principle and national treatment principle with some prerequisites, abiding by the principle of gradual liberalization,enhancing the transparency of laws and regulations and improving the performance and efficiency of ships.The third section is to introduce ad hoc arbitration to regulate the development of sea trade. Given our country has not such a rule and is not familiar with it,this section first shows a clear definition of ad hoc arbitration and explains differences with institutional arbitration from such aspects as process,the choosing of arbitrators,the cost and time.What is more,this section also gives the reasons why our country is lack of such kind of rule from the historic and cultural perspectives.Then,this section points out some suggestion on the improvement of simultaneous laws from such aspects as the effectiveness of arbitration agreement,the withdraw of arbitrator,the cost of arbitrator,expert evidence and default award in a bid to further standardize the development of sea trade.On the basis of analysis of international situation,the conclusion part points out only China persists in opening up can she score new and great achievement;only China develop sea trade can she be crowned with big success while facing economic globalization.Though challenges and opportunities co-exist,the latter is superior to the former.So long as we are fully aware of the mutual dependency regarding development of sea trade,with building up sea power without seeking hegemony as our goal,we can push forward the development of sea trade significantly to help China get integrated with the whole world and help the world understand and accept China better by constructing sea strategy on the basis of principles of peace, development and law,by adhering to WTO rules and by improving laws and regulations concerning development of sea trade.