Economic Analysis On The Corporate Ecological Responsibility

For the change of people's life style, pursue for the so-called modern life leads to the accelerated consumption of the nature resources and increasing emissions of the reject without proper treatment. What's more, with the unceasing increase of population, human beings need more foods to survive; therefore, a more tremendous pressure will be forced on the land and other natural resources inevitably. The deteriorated environment and scarce nature resources have become into the main restricted factors for the economic development, threatening humanity's survival. All that leads to the profound reconsideration of the traditional development concept. The economic development will consume the resources inevitably and bring environmental pollution more or less."Production and consumption in the human economic system will definitely generate the reject. Compared with the slow evolution of the ecosystem, human society's industrialization develops in a swift speed. That means there is not any integrate ecosystem developed so perfectly that can sufficiently coping with the massive reject generated by the humanity. However, the economists and the ecologists have different understanding towards these reject."â‘ In the traditional economic models, resources and environment are only"the physical features", which have been taken as the external variables in the economic development, even external factors without much connection with the economy. Even in the modern mainstream economics, human economic system has been taken as a whole, while the ecosystem as resources used to maximize humanity material interest. They take it as granted that the supplies of the natural resource and automatic depuration ability of natural environment is infinite, thus they suppose that the economic growth will be infinite. That is the typical industry civilization development concept. The premise of this development concept is"Economic Man"and"the Invisible Hand"which refers to that market will allocate resources automatically and rationally. Resources and environment have not been paid much attention in that development concept. That is why environment issues become so prominent after entering the industrialization society. Coping with the relationship between economic development and environment properly is an important research topic focused by the scholars and policy-makers in the government."The chief criminal"of the environment problem is"the three wastes"emission,"the waste gas"is the greenhouse gas (mainly includes the carbon dioxide (CO2), the nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the methane (CH4), the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and so on). The emission of that waste gas is"the principal criminal"for today's global warming, which cause the biggest influence on environment. The enterprises take the direct responsibility for the emission of the greenhouse gas. Corporate ecology responsibility becomes into the focal point.Corporate ecology responsibility is derived from the sustainable development theory. This concept may trace back to the word of"Extended Producer Responsibility", which means the responsibility of the producer's (enterprises') should extend to the entire life cycle of the product, including the environmental influence caused by the product. It emphasizes on the recycle use. In fact,"Extended Producer Responsibility"requires the enterprise to undertake the ecology responsibility in the entire life process of the product.According to the research on corporate ecology responsibility done by Prof. Ren Yunhe, corporate ecology responsibility should include three aspects at least; they are corporate ecology responsibility for nature, corporate ecology responsibility for market and corporate ecology responsibility for public. Corporate ecology responsibility requires the enterprise to take the market as the guidance, leading a way of"high efficiency, low pollution and low energy consumption". Provide the consumer with the green product, at the same time, protect the natural resource initiatively. He also addresses"the fair among generations"from the perspective of ethics, which means that we can not sacrifice future generations'benefit to satisfy present generation's interest. It demands that human beings should not only undertake some morale responsibilities for themselves, but also the future generations. Morals method to realize the human and the natural system's harmony have been emphasized.â‘ The topic of this article's belongs to the micro level of studying the corporate ecology responsibility, which means corporate responsibility for the negative effect on the ecological system caused by the use of unsustainable resources and the emissions of the reject during the production.This thesis studies corporate ecological responsibility based on the Marxism theory, utilizing the principal theories of eco-economic development, eco-economic ethics and macro econology. The significance of this article is: humanity's economic activity causes"the overshoot". The excessive consumption of resources and the reject without properly treatment surpass the bearing capacity of natural environment, leading to the ecological crisis at present. If we do not rethink and redefine the relationship between humanity's economic activity and natural environment, when"the overshoot"develops into"the collapse", it will be too late to regret! We believe that corporate behavior as the direct implementer of humanity's economic activity is a crucial factor for the relationship between human beings and nature. Enterprises should change their behavior pattern, using the institutional restrictions to reverse the corporate management concept, changing from the original"the economic man"to"the social man", then"the ecology man". It is essential to change the thought, for it is the basis of solving problems.There are five parts in this article. First, the definition, origin and evolving rules of enterprise's ecological responsibility have been researched. Then we analyses the generation mechanism, realization mechanism and restriction mechanism of the enterprise's ecological responsibility from the perspectives of the enterprise, economic environment and institution, which represent the micro, intermediate and macro dimension respectively. Finally, we utilize Chinese enterprises'status quo to discuss the realization path of the enterprise's ecological responsibility in China. Finally, we get the conclusion that enterprise will finally change from"the economic man"to"the ecology man"; however, time and effort will be needed for that transformation. The improvement of enterprises'qualifications and the consummation of the industrial structure and supervision are both of great significance. Meanwhile, the government's macro policies and the consumer's"green choice"consumption inclination also matter.First, background and significance research of this research have been introduced. Before stepped into the industrial society, the humanity has been in"the empty world","the reject"generated in the humanity's economic activity can be generally"digested"by the nature system. Pollutions caused by the excessively emissions did not exist. After people stepped into the industrialization society, with the development of industry civilization leading by the technical innovation, the humanity begin to conquer the nature and transform the nature. Man-made capital floods into the entire world rapidly, taking bigger and bigger proportions, which indicates that the natural environment's burden is getting heavier. When the development of human society comes into the"bottleneck", enterprises should undertake the enology responsibility, rethink the consequence of the industry civilization and redefine the relationship between the economic development and the nature environment.In Chapter I, the concept of corporate enology responsibility has been raised and redefined. We make a discussion of the definition of enterprise firstly, and then we analyze the corporate nature and their social attribute briefly. We believe that enterprise should be merely taken as"economic man", who is a producer of material products, only taking the responsibility for themselves, but also the"social man"who has responsibilities for the human society, then become a more healthy and excellent"ecology man"who is undertaking responsibilities for ecology and environment. In that way, the scope of corporate responsibility enlarges from the economic dimension to the social dimension, then the ecological dimension. Through tracing back of the origin of the corporate ecology responsibility, we suppose that the corporate ecology responsibility starts at people's attention to the natural environment. It is the human society's responsibility for the nature. Corporate ecology responsibility is an essential request for"the ecology person"; it is also a historical product of the social development.In Chapterâ…¡, the generation mechanism of the corporate ecology responsibility in the micro dimension has been studied. We stand at the micro point, analyzing the corporate ecology responsibility elaborately. We believe that enterprises must take charge for the ecology responsibility, for it is their responsibility in nature. Through the decomposition of the corporate production process, generation mechanism of the corporate ecology responsibility has been researched. We address that enterprises should have the ability to undertake the ecology responsibility. Concrete measures to cultivate ecology responsibilities have been raised up.In Chapterâ…¢, we studied the generation environment in the intermediate perspective. For the intermediate perspective economy is between the micro economy and the macro economy, it possesses the function as an"agency". It is the combining point of the micro and macro economy. Therefore, the status of the intermediate economic directly reflects the implementation effect of the macroeconomic policy, also having immediate influence on the micro economy (mainly refers to enterprise). It is essential to develop the regional and industrial supervision to correct and discipline the behavior of the entire industry, increasing their sense of corporate economy responsibility. That will make enterprises standardize their behavior according to the related criterions. Meanwhile, the appraisal system will be consummated by the improvement of enterprises'ability to undertake the ecology responsibility. The atmosphere for enterprises to undertake their ecology responsibility independently will be formed at last.In Chapterâ…£, the macro restriction of the generation mechanism of corporate ecology responsibility has been analyzed. As the provider of institutions, through the adjustment of the macro policy and the design of the driving system, make the enterprise realize their individual benefit, meanwhile, having certain environment pressure in order to fulfill the ecology responsibility. This chapter corrects some flaws existing in present institutions which lead to the lost of ecological benefit. Concretely speaking, we develop our arguments from the use of green GDP appraisal system, the revision of tax base, the green tax system as well as present financial inventory accounting. We make a thorough research on corporate ecology responsibility from the external driving mechanism, as well as the intrinsic pressure mechanism, utilizing the practice of the macro economic policies of Chinese government, taking the problem of the main function area design as an example to discuss the ecology thought in government's macro policy, analyze the influence for enterprises and explain the issues of ecology responsibility.In Chapterâ…¤, we analyze the development strategy and the choice pattern for Chinese enterprise to realize enterprise ecology. The enterprise ecology is the way for enterprises to realize their ecology responsibility. Though Chinese enterprises have struggled to stage on the international market after the reform and open policy, it is a still long way to go for Chinese enterprises, especially in the ecology aspect. A significant transformation is earnestly needed, which is crucial for Chinese enterprises to realize the enterprise ecology. However, we should notice that it is a systematical construction. Government should make some"green"innovation to construct the external environment for the enterprise ecology. Simultaneously, enterprises should enhance the intrinsic comprehensive competitive advantage through"green"behavior. What's more, consumers'"green"choice will be helpful for the construction of a positive market environment for the enterprise ecology. Those will all be beneficial for Chinese enterprises to"walks out"and equip them with measures when facing the internationalization tendency.