A Study On The Agricultural Factor Contribution In The Process Of Industrialization

This dissertation attempts to investigate and discuss the problem of agricultural factor contribution. Industrialization theory thought that agriculture provide grains,materials,caiptal,labor,market and foreign exchange for the development of industry, which are summarized as product,factor,market and exchange contribution respectively. Factor contribution includes capital and labor. The main aim of this dissertation is to extend"two factor contribution"to"four factor contribution", which contain not only capital and labor, but also land and farmer entrepreneur, and by discusssing the relationship that among"four factor contribution", that between factor contribution and market contribution, and that between factor contribution and industrial stategy, this dissertation wants to explain the phenonmenon of unbalanced decline, i.e., employment share in agriculture seriously lags far behind that of the output share in China, at the same time to provide theoretical basis and related policies suggestion for the construction of modern agriculture and the"new rural movement", and for the comprehensive development stratege.The method used in this dissertation is the joint of normative and positive ananlysis. On the basis of corresponding datum, this dissertation tries to attest each point with actual facts; at the same time, by using modern econometric methods, we employs the regression and integration analysis to discuss the relations between some variables anmong factor contribution; as far as Chinese industrialization is concerned, we use normative analysis to discuss the relations between factor contribution and market contribution, factor contribution and industrial strategy.The main points and conclusions of this dissertation are: (1)the recognization of the role of agriculture having been existed for a long time, the attitude toward agriculture in theoretics experences a spiral upward process from recognization to ignorance, and back to recognization. (2)as far as employment and product share are concerned, there exists a law of"diminishing role"of agriculture in industrialization process, i.e., the higher the radix, the more quickly the decline of agricultural share; the latter industrial countries, the littler time necessary for the same decline of agricultural share; and agricultural shares declines balancedly. (3)in China, the share of employment in agriculture declines far behinds that of product, which reflects concentratively the"rural, farmer and agricultural"problems and hurts the potentials of sustainable economic growth. (4)in the process of Chinese industrialization, agriculture provides not only capital and labor, but also land and farmer entrepreneur for industry. The land contribution takes on three types, i.e., the change of the purpose and owership, and the unequal levy of agricultual land. At the same time, land contribution is restrained by some demand and supply factors, such as agricultural productivity, the development of non-agriculture and the scale and speed of urbanization. The farmer entrepreneur also takes on three types, conventional, modern and sideline, usually a package of economic, social and political elites. The town and village enterprise is one of a good indix to measure the contribution of farmer entrepreneur. (5)the relations among four factor contribution are interdependent. The transfer of capital benefits to that of labor, but this relation is affected by the trade terms between agriculture and industry and technological improvement; there exists a contradictious relation between the land and labor contribution, restrained by the scope of nonagricultual use of land and technology types; farmer entrepreneur surely affects the other three factor contribution. (6)the relation between factor and market contribution is complicated. On the common sence, capital contribution and market contribution is contradictious, but for land,labor and farmer entrepreneur, they will have positive and negative effects on the market contribution. (7)different industrial strategies will have different effects on capital,labor,land and farmer entrepreneur. (8)the deep reason for the serious unbalanced decline of agricultural share lies in the insufficient recognization of the four factor contribution , especially the ignorance of land and farmer entrepreneur contribution, and the interrelationship exists in inter-factor contribution and intra-factor contribution. It is necessary for us to re-establish extented ideas on factor contribution, implement comprehensive development stratege, emphasize the balanced development between agriculture and industry.