Transition Of Agriculture And Countryside In Mid-Jiangsu Province In The 20th Century

Since 20^th century, great change has taken place in politics, economic, society, technology and cultural fields. China is transferring from a pure agricultural society to an industrial society. In the climate of the conversion, the same change happened to agriculture, rural area and rural residents living in the mid-Jiangsu province. It is not only meaningful to make clear the track of the conversion happened to agriculture, rural area and rural residents in a long period, but also helpful to probe into the causes for agriculture developing and modernization in the course of economy conversion, and it helps us to learn about the situation in China and provide reference to the agricultural problems solving.With its own lively area economic, cultural and resource features, the mid-Jiangsu province is well known for it rice and fish in the history.The essay focuses on the history developing course and conversion rules of agriculture, rural area and rural residents in mid-Jiangsu province systematically in the background of 100 years of 20^th century, taking economic change as a clue, and aiming at the object of agriculture, rural area and rural residents. It analyses the chances, threats, advantage and disadvantage the rural residents in this area would face up to under the help of tactic analysis tool SWOT, and puts forward the developing strategy for the agriculture, rural area and rural residents in mid-Jiangsu province and the developing ideas for agricultural commodities markets, agricultural enterprises , rural residents to workers' reansfer and agricultural characteristic.The essay consists of 4 partsThe first part is composed of an introduction and Chapter 1. The introduction covers significance and warrant for the topic, research development at home and abroad, research foundation and conditions, research material and method, innovation in our research and so on. Chapter 1 presents agricultural circumstance and social economic conditions under which agriculture and rural area develop in mid-Jiangsu province. The natural and social environments provide the basic guarantee for the development.The second part (Chapter 2—Chapter 4) discusses the conversion track and causes for Land tenure, agricultural production rural society construction during the agriculture and rural transition in mid-Jiangsu province through 20^th century.Land tenure is one of the most powerful reforms in rural conversion in mid-Jiangsu province, because it influences the rural economy development a lot in this areaIn the times of late Qin and the period of Republic of China, land tenure in China has four features: the land occupation in China was controlled by the government. The land employment was distributed, the land patterns were bits and pieces, and the land tax was high. After the liberation, the land reform was launched. The feudalism land tenure system by landlords was destroyed, thus, it created opportunity for the agricultural economy in mid-area to get recovered and developed. From 50s to 70s in 20^th century, land system gradually evolved from individual owners into collectivity owners because of land reform, Although it has a great effect on the development of agricultural economy, the feature for land employment and land patterns didn't change a lot, meanwhile, agriculture tax regulation dropped from a high point and was approaching zero, it is a trend in the course of history development.The essay mainly introduces the agriculture production construction in the agriculture production transition in mid-Jiangsu province and focuses on some typical produce changes in one hundred years, such as planting area, yield per-mu, total yield for rice, cotton and rape. Before liberation, the main produces planted in mid-Jiangsu province were in a slow and unsteady developing condition on account of political, economic and technical reasons, but after liberation, change has taken place in yield, the yield per-mu as well as total yield has increased doubly, people there needn't worry about their food and dresses any more.In the research on society construction transition in mid-Jiangsu province, we put our emphasis on urbanization and labor force transfer. The way to urbanization in mid-Jiangsu province has its own features. it can be mainly divided into three stages, the first, from late Qin to 1949, after liberation, the urbanization development in mid-Jiangsu was greatly influenced by different period's policies. the second stage, 1949—1983, a slow stage, the third one is a rapid stage , from 1984—now, A great change is taking place for the city's outlook now. Because of high density of population in this area, the transfer of surplus labor force has been brought about in 20^th century, this is another point we focus on, and we also analyze the transfer scale, characters and the effect it brought in late Qin, meanwhile we analyze the labor force transfer after liberation as well. The labor transfer is a much more important factor in rural economy development in mid-Jiangsu. It plays a certain role in increasing rural residents' income.Part three (Chapter 5) mainly discusses power and conditions available in agriculture and rural area in mid-Jiangsu. We conclude that it is the system change and agricultural policies that play a key role in its development, agriculture modernization, people's Commune and family-contract responsibility system are its achievements. And agricultural marketing is the guarantee for the rural economy development in this area. In late Qin and the Period of Republic of China, mid-Jiangsu had its own region plantation, in the course of marketing in terms of market demand .Then crops and food supply found its own way . It is the innovation in agriculture technology that leads to a great agricultural development in this areas. And improved mechanical tools, optimization of seeds and improved fertilization method also play the important roles in the development; Industrialization in agriculture development not only plays an important role in supporting and equipping agriculture but also impacts on agriculture marketing, agriculture industrialization, agriculture characteristics and rural residents-to workers' transfer.In Chapter 7, we build up a SWOT matrix for economy developing region in mid-Jiangsu by the means of tactic and SWOT analysis on the economy development. And in the part we also put forward the strategy that should be adopted in agriculture and rural economy development in mid-Jiangsu, namely, agriculture marketing, agriculture industrialization, agriculture characteristics and rural residents-to workers' transfer( new mode rural residents). In the part of agriculture marketing, we get the conclusion that agriculture should not only face up to the marketing competition, fit into developing trend in market, meet the increasing demands for produce, moreover, it has the responsibility to cultivate, develop and maintain markets, especially to put its emphasis on produce quality and yield by the means of high technology, to speed up its circulation under the help of information and logistic technic. In the research on agriculture industrialization, we show a wide developing way how a rural household industrialization develops into agriculture industrialization and then form rural economy with its own feature. In every part of the essay, we present some detail suggestions on how to operate, and put forward our own view for cultivation premise and method of rural residents-to-workers' transfer, we also put forward some other practical suggestions for current agriculture management issues.