Research On The Country Financial System During China's Transitional Phase

Reflecting over the country financial system reform in the past twenty years, we may have a clear view that great progress has been made in the division and conformity part with emphasis on the existential form of the country financial institution. However, the reform, which has been carried out since early 1980s, fails to realize the system optimization with institution diversification as its masterstroke. No matter whether it is based upon cooperation or commercialization to provide financial service, the reform has not thoroughly considered the system construction towards persisting development according to the development level of country economy and current realistic needs of country finance. It can be said that the reform overlooked both the principal part of country economy- the farmers'needs for multi-leveled and diversified financial resources and the exertion of country financial system's macro-function coordination.Considering that the key of country finance reform and development lies in how to fully make clear of the real financial needs of the country economy's substantial development, hence being able to design the right country financial system according to or catering to the existing needs. So, when doing the research on the Country Financial System during China's Transitional Phase, it is urgent and critical to recognize the fundamental unit or analyzing cell of the research, the farmers, who are the needs majority of country finance.This dissertation proceeds from the farmers'needs and pierces into farmers'financial needs, and the supply and demand reality of the country financial service during the transitional phase and the governmental regulation for the realization of the country financial balance at home and abroad, and then advances that the reform should take the needs of the country economic principal part as its orientation, reorient all-leveled country financial institutions according to different local economic development levels and functional features of all kinds of financial institutions, and finally succeeds in constructing a kind of healthy country financial system, fulfilling the coordination of country and town, making overall plans and taking all factors into consideration, recycling country and supporting agriculture, villages and farmers.There is absolutely no uniform formula for an efficient country financial system to follow. The most appropriate formula rests not only with the objective client's needs and its social economic features but also with the geographic, economic and supervising environment. Through the research on the needs majority of country financial service during China's Transitional Phase, this paper finds that collective farming has receded out of the country economic field; the strypped-down country supply and marketing cooperation has turned actually into self-employed business and can be categorized into farmers part for analysis; the influence of cropping enterprise loaning over the overall country credit capital has lost its previous prominence with the opening-up of the crop market; the town-and-village enterprises, with its connotation, formation and financing structure having undergone fundamental diversification, has indeed changed into common businesses and can be classified into the management category of medium-sized and petty enterprises. With the carrying on of the household contract responsibility system with remuneration linked to output, farming families has become the basic units of the country economy, replacing the production teams. Therefore, during the transitional phase, farmers are the needs majority of country finance and should be the orientation of the country financial service.In the form of questionnaires, this dissertation deeply studies and then contrasts the actual financial needs of farmers in relatively more-developed area, under-developed area and poor counties with those in most developed areas and for the very first time researches farmers'financial needs and the re-construction of the country financial system from an all-new angle of layered earnings. In the end, by analyzing the functional features of all kinds of financial institutions and properly orienting all-leveled financial institutions, this dissertation advances the management strategy of country financial system of"constructing a kind of healthy country financial system, fulfilling the coordination of country and town, making overall plans and taking all factors into consideration, recycling country and supporting agriculture, villages and farmers"and states that the goal of country financial development is to realize the financial liberalization and competition and the nucleus of the development is the realization of the country financial marketing. It is believed that the country financial system of"constructing a kind of healthy country financial system, fulfilling the coordination of country and town, making overall plans and taking all factors into consideration, recycling country and supporting agriculture, villages and farmers"is only one means in realizing the country financial marketing through gradually reducing the percentage of policy-oriented finance and bringing its influence down to the minimum limit in order to realize the all-around , coordinative and persistent development of the country finance.