The Relation Between The Improvement Of The Comprehensive Transport System And Economic Development Of Jilin Province

There are close relation between transport and economic development. The birth and development of comprehensive transport system goes together with economic progress. Currently, comprehensive transport system are facing important reforms on interior structure, management style, and transport idea, etc. Although the comprehensive transport system of Jilin province has been set up and developed for a long period of time, it still has many problems due to the insufficiency of economic output and slow speed of economic development of Jilin province. Therefore, it is worthwhile for us to explore into the relation between the economic development and the comprehensive transport system of Jilin province and to put forward strategies and suggestions for the development of the comprehensive transport system of Jilin province.The research on comprehensive transport system starts early. However, the existing research has some limitations, for example, it does not well master the connotation and characters of comprehensive transport system in respect of the time when comprehensive transport system was formed and the micro basis of the comprehensive transport system. We think that comprehensive transport refers to the transport process that takes advantage of two or more transport modes and tries to realize the most effective linkage of every transport taches, so as to pursue the maximum transport benefit; and that comprehensive transport sytem refers to the economic, technological and organizational system that carries out comprehensive transport. Comprehensive transport system should own the following characters. Firstly, it has various transport modes. Secondly, the transport modes have their own adavntages and are complementary to each other. Thirdly, it has the relevant hard and soft infrastructure. Fourthly, each transport tache is linked up effectively. Fifth, it is a developing system.Classical economics, spatial economics and marxist economics all have argued about the relation between transport and economic development. However, their research on the relation between transport and economic development still has some limitations. Firstly, as the research does not take transport as the study subject, but tries to realize their own research objective through the analyses on transport, it has not studied transport systematically. Secondly, modern theories on the relation between transport and economic development is not comprehensive. Most of the research is unilateral and special. Thirdly, the research has not explained generally the interactional mechanism between transport and economic development. Fourthly, the theories on transport and economic development should be apply to the practices further. Empirical analyses on specific regions need to be carried out.The establishment and development of comprehensive transport system have gone step by step with economic progress. The effects of technological revolutions on comprehensive transport system are especially conspicuous. To make it more specifically, comprehensive transport system was established during the first industrial revolution; it developed rapidly during the second industrial revolution and became an independent industrial branch, its framework was set up tentatively. After the second World War, the third industrial revolution made it develop further. The information revolution and the advance of sustainable development from the end of 1980^th to the beginning of 1990^th cause comprehensive transport system go through a revolution on transport structure, transport management style, and transport idea.The development of comprehensive transport system is influenced by many factors. These factors are not independent, but interactive. In general, the factors include resource endowment, technology, demand and cost. Resource endowment mainly refers to geographical factors, resource conditions and environmental conditions, etc. Technology influence the development of comprehensive transport system decisively. The progress of transport technology not only causes comprehensive transport system to come into being, causes comprehensive transport capacity to be promoted, causes transport structure to be optimized, but also is the only way to realize sustainable transportation. Transport demand affects transport amount, transport structure, transport distribution, transport infrastructure, etc. Transport cost mainly influences transport amount, transport structure, transport management, etc.Comprehensive transport system and economic development are interactive. The interaction between them is not bidirectional linear relation, but a circulatory and interactive complex process.Economic development influences comprehensive transport system through its effects on transport objectives, transport modes, transport structure, transport idea. Firstly, economic development brings logisitical demand, while logistical demand decides transport aims. Secondly, the level of economic development decides the level of industrial technology, and the level of industrial technology influences the level of transport technology which decides the establishment and development of every transport mode. Thirdly, as economic society regards maximum production benefit as its aim, the demand party will choose the most suitable transport lines and the best combination of transport modes, which promote the optimization of transport structure. Finally, economic development brings forward population, resource, and environment problems, which cause people to explore a sustainable development road. This impels the appearance of the idea of sustainable transport.The effects of comprehensive transport system on economic development are: comprehensive transport system is the precondition, basis and motivation for economic development; it helps the free flow of resources and the allocation of resources; it creates favorable conditions for the realization of commodities, socialized mass production, maximum production benefit, and sustainable economic development. Firstly, comprehensive transport system create possibility for the realization of commodities. It makes mass production and exchange of commodities possible, and promotes the development of commodity economy. Secondly, the establishment of comprehensive transport system lay down the foundation for large-scale industrial production. It enlarges the degree of socialization of production, causes world market to form, and promotes the efficiency of resource allocation. Thirdly, comprehensive transport system decreases transport cost, increases transport efficiency, promotes the free flow of commodities and factors of production, pricks up market competition, causes manufacturers to apply advanced technology and management methods and increases productivity, which promote the maximumization of production benefit so as to bring forward economic development. Finally, the development of comprehensive transport system brings along decrease of transport cost and increase of transport efficiency, which elevates the efficiency of the allocation of scarece resources so as to realize resource saving. In addition, the sustainable development of comprehensive transport system itself is an important part of the sustainable development of the economy as a whole.The comprehensive transport system of Jilin province has no advantages in natural geological location, eocnomic output, economic structure, logistical demand, environmental carrying capacity, etc. Moreover, it is constrained by these factors to a large extend. This makes its development experience a long period of time and makes it far from perfect. The problems that the comprehensive transport system of Jilin province are as follows. Firstly, the scale of transport network is not big, and cannot satisfy the demand of economic development; the comprehensive benefit of transport infrastructure is very low; the distribution of transport network is unbalanced. Secondly, the technology level of the whole comprehensive transport system is low. The technology level of the transport network needs to be promoted, transport capacity needs to be improved, environmental situation is not favorable. Thirdly, the effective linkage mechanism has not been set up, the comprehensiveness of transport system is only superficial, some passages have not been constructed.Through quantitative analysis of the relation between regional economic development and the comprehensive transport system, we find out the following results. Firstly, in general, the total production value exponent and every transport index are positively relates to each other, which means that the comprehensive transport system is highly related to economy. Among the indexes, cargo transport relates more closely to economy than passenger transport; highway transport relates the most closely to regional economy. Secondly, according to the correlation coefficients of the total production value of the first, second, and third industries of Jilin province to the cargo and passenger transport, the coefficient of the first industry to cargo and passenger transport is the largest, the coefficient of the third industry to transport is the second largest, the coefficient of the second industry to transport is the smallest. Thirdly, in terms of the elasticity relation between the gross national product of Jilin provinice and transport, transport has very obvious promotive effects on national economy. Cargo transport has the higher elasticity coefficient than passenger transport. Fourthly, in terms of the push-and-pull effects of transport, push effect coefficient is higher than 1 and far bigger than pull effect, which means the economic development speed of Jilin province is faster than the development speed of transport, that transport demand is greater than transport supply, and that the development of comprehensive transport system lags behind the growth of national economy, and cannot satisfy the demand of economic growth. Fifthly, in terms of the interior structure of the comprehensive transport system, the increase of railway milage of Jilin province has the greater promotive effect on regional economic growth. In comparison, the elasticity coefficient of highway construction to gross national product is smaller. Sixthly, in terms of the perfectness exponent of the comprehensive transport system of Jilin province, after 1999, the comprehensive transport system has gone into rapid development stage. Seventhly, the causality test of transport perfectness exponent and economic development exponent shows that economic devleopment affects transport system greatly, while the development of transport system has only a little effect on economic development. Transport investment satisfies the basic need of the economic development rather than pioneers the economic development. The transport system of Jilin province is still in the primary development stage. Eighthly, the analysis on the tendency of transport perfectness exponent and economic development exponent shows that in recent years, the economic development exponent of Jilin province is higher than that of transport system, which means that the comprehensive transport system of Jilin province needs to be improved urgently.Based on the exterior environment, development tendency, and challenges of the comprehensive transport system of Jilin province, we bring forward the following guidelines for the development strategies of the comprehensive transport system of Jilin province. Firstly, take Deng Xiaoping's theories and "Three representatives" thoughts as the direction; secondly, persist in the perception of scientific development; thirdly, make the development of transport system precede the economic development moderately. Therefore, we should insist on the following principles. First, improve the distribution of transport infrastructure; second, harmonize the development of various transport modes; third, promote technological innovation; fourth, insist on the combination of economic effects and social effects; fifth, construct environmentally protective and resource-saving transport system. Accordingly, the emphases of the construction of the comprehensive transport system of Jilin province in the future should be as follows. First, construct comprehensive transport passages, improve the whole provincial transport network. Second, improve effective linkage mechanism, accelerate the construction of logistical storage centers and information databases. Third, construct cargo and passenger comprehensive transport system, cause the speedway passenger transport system and container transport system to possess sufficient capacity, harmonious organizing, efficient operation, high quality services, safe and environmental protection. Fourth, accelerate the technological progress of the comprehensive transport system, and promote the efficiency of transport.In order to fulfill the above development strategies, Jilin province should take up the following measures. First, promote the reform on transport administration system. Second, establish scientifically transport development plan. Third, deepen the reform on investment and financing system. Fourth, strengthen the macro control over comprehensive transport market. Fifth, promote the development of the comprehensive transport system through technological progress. Sixth, enhance the ability of transport personnel. Seventh, strive for policy and financial support from our country.