| Since the World War II, the science and technology and development of market economy have greatly promoted the social productive forces. In the world scope, the economy development takes the increasing of GDP or GNP as the primary goal and industrialization and urbanization as the main contents. Industrialization and urbanization is an important stage of economical development and an important means of seeking fast development for the developing countries as well. However, during the world industrialization, regardless of developed countries or developing countries, the economy development was established on the basis of infinite demands of natural resources and destruction to the ecological environment. It resulted in more consumption of non-renewable resources, wide pollution of the environment, and seriously unbalanced ecological environment. Industrialization on the basis of destruction of non-renewable resources and natural ecology causes increased cost of the economy development day by day. Under this situation, many countries reconsidered their own development paths and proposed a brand-new development view, Sustainable Development, which becomes an important topic of current world economic and social development.Under this condition, some scholars have paid unprecedented attention to sustainable development and proposed their viewpoints and proposition. Some of them thought that the key to solve the problems of sustainable development lies in technology. The backwardness of resource development technology and the insufficiency of ability to find substitution energy are the restriction factors of the sustainable development. Others thought that solving"the bottleneck" problems of resource development must rely on the government. So long as the problems of investment insufficiency of the environmental, no enforcement of the environmental protection policy are effectively addressed, "the bottleneck" problems are easily solved. Along with the development of institutional economics and the expansion of research areas, the institutional economist believed that any economical growth and development are accomplished with the economic institution. The different economic growth and development exists in the different institution systems. Institution directly determines the speed and nature of economic developmental. Although there are many factors that influence economic development, such as technology, natural resources, and so on, without doubt, institution system is the most important factor.According to the hypothesis of western economic premise, the economic subject is a rational "economic man". In other words, the economic subject is to maximally pursue its benefit. That pursuing one's own maximal benefit is the only goal of an economic subject, and that is "the economical rationality". However, when the economic subject behavior is economical rational, it may cause "environmental non-rational". The environmental non-rationality refers to the behaviors of the economic subject only satisfy the requests of the"economical rational", not referring to the ecological environmental protection, and that the economical subject takes the ecological environmental destruction and plundering-like development as premises in the process of pursuing its own maximal benefit. Its behavior consequence is to achieves it own maximal economic benefits, but not the maximal ecological environmental protection. The contradiction between "The economic rationality" and "the environmental non-rationality" has led to a series of environmental problems. In order to maximize its own benefits, the economic subject often favors excessive uses of public resources, such as excessively felling forest, herding on the public lawn, destructively mining the resources, and so on. This results in "the public land tragedy" and that environment is trampled by superficial economic activities. The rationality of "economic man" not only results in the contradiction between economic rationality and environmental non- rationality, but also possibly affects the relationship between generations and leads to"the contradiction between generations". If people do not give thoughts to the development need of their descendant, overdevelopment and using of some non-renewable resources will possibly cause the exhaustion of non-renewable resources and the loss of developmental materials for their descendants. Sustainable development requests that economic developments not only meet the needs of contemporary people but also meet the developmental needs of the next generation. In other words, fairly holding and using resources among people and generations are the requirement of the continuation of human civilization. "The economic rationality" of the economic subject may destroy the basic requirement of"fairness between generation and generation"of the sustainable development and cause non-sustainable development.As far as the above non-sustainable development formation, new Institutional economics has provided a solution for the problems of "the economic rationality". New Institutional economists believed that lacking of an effective restraint of systemic arrangement or malfunctions of the market system are the main reasons that create all the above contradictions. Solving sustainable developmental problem has to start from Institutional systemic arrangement. Coase's theory provides us a brand-new mentality in the environmental problems. At present, our economic institution did not explicitly stipulate environmental property rights, which has resulted in characteristics that environment is one kind of public product. If we define environmental property rights using Institution rearrangement, give it characteristics of certain degree exclusiveness and competitiveness, and make people other than the property owner pay the cost of environmental destruction, "the public land tragedy" may be effectively prevented. In other words, if we can rely upon Institution innovation, overcome all sorts of disadvantageous systemic barrier, protect or establish the system arrangements that effectively motivate people, and supply and maintain resources or public goods, the sustainable development may not be unreachable.As far as the problem of resources abusing and environmental pollution, in fact, lacking of the distinct property system of environment and resource, scientific pricing mechanism and effective finance and tax are the main reason lead to the above fact. Influenced by the long-term planned economic system, the price of resource in our country fails to reflect its supply-demand relationship of market correctly, prices of basic energy and international market prices such as the petroleum, coal. The low resource using cost must lead to the fact of excessively using and waste at will. In addition, because of lacking resources environmental property system and pricing system, environmental value can not be realized in the market; Lacking of effective finance and tax policy leads to resources and the environment abusing directly. So, to depend on institution innovation, improve institution to develop recycle economy system to realize economics, society health and basic guarantee of sustainable development. Particularly, using economic means such as pricing, charging, taxing measure and regulating or influencing the behavior of the market subject is a good way to realize economic development with environmental protection in harmony.As far as the northeastern old industrial base concerned, its development has experienced developing, prosperous, declining, and rejuvenating processes. Since the northeastern old industrial base has been influenced by the planned economy system for a long time, it is hard to overcome its institution contradictory in short-term. The economic development of the northeastern old industrial base is relatively lagged. The disparity in economy between the northeastern old industrial base and the developed areas, such as Zhujiang Delta, Yangtze River delta is becoming bigger and bigger. The industrial layout and economic structure of the northeastern old industrial base are not rational, the technical equipment is backward, the contradictions in systemic transformation and economic development are quite prominent, especially, the leading resource industries in the city are declining, which have formed a typical, non-sustainable "northeastern phenomenon".Under the current condition of social reforming, on one hand, the productive forces are rapidly developing and the economic potential is unceasingly dug; on the other hand, the original system lacks more and more vigor. In other words, the original institution could not satisfy current social needs any more. Thus, there is a deviation between institutional anticipation and it results in "northeastern phenomenon". In the whole view, promoting strategy implementation of northeast old industrial base is not a short-term behavior, not only solving current problems of low benefit and exhausted resources in some cities, the long-term goal should be the regional sustainable development. Therefore, only choosing effective institution innovation pattern and relying on the institution innovation can provide intrinsic development power for the economic development of the northeastern old industrial base.Presently, the northeastern old industrial base is on the high speed developmental stage of industrialization. Future demand of energy and resources will have large scale growth. During the industrialization, if the traditional extensive developmental path continues, pollutant withdrawal will inevitably increase year by year. This will destroy ecological environment and waste resources. Indeed, the economical developmental type of the northeastern old industrial base is relevant to its industrialization stage and its overall technical level. It has certain objective necessity. Thus, in the future industrialization of the northeastern old industrial base, we must draw a lesson from drying up resources and destroying environment in the traditional industrialization mode, fully consider the bearing capacity of natural ecosystem, save natural resource as far as possible, unceasingly enhance the efficiency of natural resource use, and develop a new industrialization path of lower resource consume and less environmental pollution.From now on, it is an essential stage for the sustainable development, and achieving a comprehensive promotion of the northeastern old industrial base. Although the sustainable development of the northeastern old industrial base faces with some certain barriers and difficulties, there are also many advantages: Scientific developmental viewpoints and the strategic concept of speeding up construction of socialism harmonious society further have enriched the connotation of the promotion strategy and indicated the development direction. The continuous, steady, and quick development of our national economy and unceasingly enhancement of comprehensive national strength are advantageous to speeding up the organizational reform and structure adjustment of the northeast old industrial base. Unceasingly consummating the regional coordination and interaction mechanism is advantageous to impel better interaction, superior supplementary, communal development between the northeastern old industrial base and eastern and mid-west areas. Participating in international competition, using domestic and foreign resources, speeding up two markets have created more opportunities for expanding collaboration and space of economic and trade areas in the northeastern old industrial base and promoting the opening-up level to foreign countries.The economic developing of the world indicates that, the economic development and upgrading of industrial structure are an inter-dynamic course of complementing each other. Without high-level industrial structure, there is not a highly developed economic level, economic development must be accompanied by the optimization and upgrading of this country's or regional industrial structure; Likewise, without the highly developed economic level, can not form the high-level industrial structure either, the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure must give a powerful push to this country or economy of the area's development. With the fast development of economy, the industrial structure of the old industrial base of the Northeast takes gratifying paces in the advanced direction, has obtained some certain achievements. However, traditional industry's proportion is too big, the new high-tech industry is relatively low in specific gravity, the development of modern service trade lags behind seriously, and these questions still restrict the future development of the northeast old industrial base to a certain extent. Under this kind of situation, the optimization and upgrading of regional industrial structure, promoting the old sustainable economic and social development of industrial base of the Northeast has a very important realistic meaning. According to actual conditions in the present stage, the industrial structure adjustment of the northeast old industrial base should regard developing the modern industry's system as the direction, foster and develop the new high-tech industry actively, accelerate traditional industry's adjusting and develop the modern service industries.At present, the northeast old industrial base is during a high-speed developing period. The energy and resource requirement will increase by a large margin in the future. Now, the northeast old industrial base is facing the industrializing historical task, develop recycle economy to solve the resource and environment restrain is the only way to realize sustainable development. Recycle economy is a goal of economic development, it puts forward higher requirement to the industrialized strategy of the future, too.If continue the traditional extensive development path in the industrializing process, it will destroy the ecological environment and waste more resources. We should fully consider the bearing capacity of the natural ecosystem, save the natural resources as much as possible, improve utilization efficiency of natural resources constantly and make less environmental pollution. In short, we should develop the economy thorough the way of new industrializing pattern and meet the requirement of recycling economy.In summary, the northeast old industrial base must advance its institutional innovation and establish the institutional arrangement, which is advantageous to sustainable development. At the same time, it should take technical innovation and industrial structure optimization as well. Besides, to formulate a scientific regional development policy is a plus. This is an inevitable choice for the northeast old industrial base to sustainable development.
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