Application And Research On Water Security Of Shanghai

Cities are the core of regional economy and social development. Therefore, the sustainable exploitation of urban water resources plays a vital part in the sustainable development of a country and a region. It is of practical significance to study on the issue of sustainable exploitation of urban water resources and to work out a feasible and effective mode of how to sustain exploit water resources.Up to now, both domestic and foreign scholars have made a lot of research on water resource management, but there exists the following shortcomings . First, the conception of the security of water resources hasn't been decided. There isn't integrated theoretical research and evaluation of the security of water resources. Most of the research is qualitative not quantitative analysis. Second, they paid less attention to the case analysis on urban water resources management. Most foreign scholars focused on the research of water quantity and quality from a macro point of view of a watershed, a country, a region, even the globe. In China, more attention was paid to cultivation techniques, water engineering techniques while less attention was paid to urban water resource management from the angle of market, economics and management. Third, most research has been made on increasing water supply efficiency and the efficiency of water utilization from the angle of technologies, not from the angle of economics. Less research has been made on the development of water worthy industries by restructuring industries based on the proper allocation of water resources. In addition, further research need to be made in our country on the establishment of water swap market, the reasonable structuring of water prices, the virtual water trade and the utilization of intermediate water. Forth, because of the complication and uncertainty, much subjective analysis is added in the decision of index, which is a great challenge to the veracity and objectivity in evaluating and forecasting the security of urban water resources.Taking water resources of Shanghai city as the case, this paper studies theoretical and applied problems of using water resources for Shanghai city on the base of collection much correlative research fruits and researching water security status in nation and outdoor. A model in appraising, assigning and alarming the security of water security is put forward on for water resources. The main results and conclusions are as follows:1. On the base of theoretical research up to now, this paper gives out the definition and characteristics of water security of urban water resources. Security appraise, assigning and alarming are three main parts included in it.2. A Pressure-State-Response notional model on water security index assessment is set up. On the base of the model, the urban water security notional model, which concludes pressure indexes, state indexes and response indexes, is also set up. Then the basic principle of establishing assessment system is set down.3. By using the method of single gene index, comprehensive pollution index and value accounting method, this paper evaluates the water quality around Shanghai predicts the development trend. According to the investigation statistics, this paper indicates that water contamination of the mainstreams of Shanghai belongs to organic pollution. Through the comprehensive appraisal of Shanghai's rivers, the water quality of Shanghai is ranked as the fourth or fifth level, far below the required second or third level. The quality of its inner river water was threatening. Water from the upper reach of HuangPu River is increasingly worsening. Thanks to the great amount of waterfall, the water quality of Yangtze River is relatively good. But if it wants to be utilized fully, a lot of irrigation engineering projects need to be built.4. The definition and content of precaution theory are introduced. The method, alarming boundary, alarming degree is presented. An alarming of water security is carried out on base of water security assessment index system of urban water resources.5. On the base of referring much criterion and correlative research, assessment standard that scales the status of water security is put forward. The much of uncertain factor in water resource system is analyzed with Set Pair Analysis (SPA). An assessment model is established on base of SPA theory on Shanghai city and the districts belong to Shanghai.6. Through research on sustainable water demand and supply management, this paper tries to establish a model regarding the forecast of water demand and supply . By analyzing the status quo of the industry structure of urban areas of Shanghai and water consumption situation, this paper posts the relationship between the adjustment of urban industry structure and water resources. And put forward a feasible industry structure adjustment mode subject to the sustainable utilization mode by using the optimal theory and linear programming method. What's more, the paper puts forward some constructive proposals to the optimized allocation of Shanghai water resources.7. Support-vector-machine, which based on statistical learning theory is applied to water security research in this paper. A alarming model on water security of urban water resources is set up according tis function of learning from data.8. When analyzing the possibilities of establishing an urban water swap market, this paper puts up a frame in building a system in transferring water rights by means of reasonably allocating water resources through the proper use of water rights and water swap market.9. From the view of circling economy, this paper proposes the extend use of intermediate water. Although the intermediate water is not drinkable, it can be used as a lower level water in industry and daily consumption, hence, it can not only ease up the water shortage tension but balance the demand and supply of urban water resources to realize the reuse of wastewater.Based on the results of the above mentioned research, the innovative points of this dissertation can be summed up as follows:1. An index model system of urban water security on the base of Pressure-State-Response model is set up in this paper. The Set Pair Analysis model, which can avoiding the difficulty in assessing the index, is applied in urban water resources assessment model.2. This paper puts forward a new model for sustainable utilization of water resources based on the theory of sustainable development. Through the study of systematic dynamics, water resources can be divided into three subsidiaries: water for residential purpose, for ecological purpose and for economic purpose. In addition, economic used water can be divided into three subsidiaries: primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry. And forecast on the supply and demand of water resources in the next fifteen years.3. Support-vector-machine, which based on statistical learning theory is applied to water security research. With the globalization of economy, the globalization of resources and the globalization of ecological environment, the sustainable utilization of water resources becomes more and more important. Since Shanghai is one of the economic centers in China, the issue of water safety should therefore command the great attention of the whole country. And I sincerely hope that this paper will contribute a bit to this aim.