The Cluster Of The Medium And Small Enterprises

This dissertation studies the cluster of the medium and small-sized enterprises, tries to explain the formation and current situation of the cluster, analyses the risks they are confronted with, and puts forward some suggestions for the quickening their development. It is written on the basis of industrial economics and regional economics, and illustrated by the cluster in the typical areas of China. It cuts in from the analysis of the social networks and innovative behavior of the enterprisess, and adopts the theories and approaches about institutional economies, game theory and sociology.The cluster is intermediate industrial organization between pure markets and enterprisess. When the cluster develops, there appears a crowding effect, which is embodied by the upgrading of the competitiveness of the cluster. The author thinks that the upgrading of the cluster'competitiveness will bring about a mighty social network. The mighty social network is composed of three elements: dependent trust economic subjects, cooperation, differences and complements of competence. Among three elements, trust between economic subjects is the most critical during the construction of the social network, which can be formed by multiple gambling between economic subjects on the condition of consummate market economy.In the course of developing the cluster, there are two issues to face the maintenance to their competitiveness and risk elusion in their development. There ate two behavior modes for choice to maintain their competitiveness. Technological innovation and technological imitation. To maintain their competitiveness must elude the risks brought by industrial structural rigidity, cluster'social network enclosure,"lemon market"problem in the process of the clan development.After the Reform and Opening, some of the cluster has gradually appeared along china eastern coasts. Zhejiang and Guangdong are the most typical areas. This dissertation analyses the formatting and actuality of the cluster in these two provinces, and also considers cluster in other areas, and comes to a conclusion: although the causes, routes and risks in the course of developing cluster are quite different, they have some shared factures: firstly, the cluster in china are fastened mostly on adequately competitive labor -intensity industry, and mainly produce lower-demanding products; secondly, our cluster is mainly family business; finally, from industrial cluster, our cluster is in industrial division layout of tight lateral communication but loose vertical communication.Those features determine the major risks of our cluster: first, it would easily lead to cut throat competition among the internal enterprisess in the cluster, if the social networks which based on trust and commitment were not stable enough. Second, the instability of the foundation of the clan structure would go against their constant growth. Third, depending too much on the advantageous resources would cut down their adaptability to the turn of the market and exoteric vagaries. Fourth, the cluster'relative enclosure limits the inletting of optimizing configuration of elemental resources and external innovative resources. Fifth, the lack of the innovative advantage would reduce their creative efficiency.On the basis of international comparison with the cluster and from their developed experience, the author comes to the fundamental thinking of how to develop our cluster. The author thinks that there are three pivots to be concerned about in order to develop the cluster in China. Firstly, the government's leading effects should be exerted.On the current stage, the market economy system has still not been completely established, the market cannot effectively allocate the resources, and therefore, the local government should be the main power to push the development of the cluster. The major functions of the government are the dominant action to foster mutual cluster culture within the system and to construct and stabilize social networks of the cluster; to normalize competition environment and evade declining risks in them brought about by over competition; to provide public products that the cluster need. Second, the agencies should be cultivated to serve the cluster. On the different stages of those agencies, the government has its different functions. When the agency is still in its starting period, the local government can word as a"substitute"for the agency to develop the cluster; when the agency is in its full growth, local government must shift its responsibility to the independent agencies. Third, the innovative platform should be constructed for developing the cluster. The main strategic designs are consummate regional innovative system will be formed by constructing technological cultivation center; we should support the fundamental researches, key technologies and common technological researches by policies, technologies and finance, so that the technological innovative abilities of the cluster'can be steered and brought along; we should attempt to establish the benign innovative system between technological innovation and developing the cluster.