Research On Enterprise Taxation Effect

As one of the government's major tools for macroeconomic control, taxation is the primary parameter of market economic operation. The alteration of taxation gives an influence on the behavior of every stakeholder. Enterprise is the main body of resource allocation of market economy. The taxation on the enterprise by the government reduces its vested interest, changes its production, investment, financing etc., and influences the conduct selection of persons related to the enterprise interest. The development of modern economy gives an increasing influence on taxation on enterprise, economically and socially. Deep research on the influence on the enterprise's resource allocation and system planning by the taxation lays a micro basis for the government's enterprise taxation system optimization and becomes an important proposition on enterprise taxation system. But as far as the current researches are concerned, the academic circles seldom set foot in the research on taxation effect in the enterprise system layer. On basis of predecessors'researches, the author tries to combine neoclassical economics and neoinstitutional economics to discuss the influence on interest relation, and make a full analysis of the influence on persons related to the enterprise and the interest by taxation, so as to lay a micro analysis foundation for enterprise taxation system optimization.The dissertation centers on the research and is composed of six chapters. The main contents and viewpoints are as follows:Chapter 1, Introduction. It presents the background of the subject, its meaning and purpose; make philological comments on the researches conducted by predecessors, introduces the research methods, research thoughts and structure of the dissertation, and at last points out the innovation, weakness and objectives in the future regarding this article.Chapter 2, Analysis of Enterprise Taxation Effect Mechanism. This chapter starts with the enterprise operation mechanism, analyzes the"duality"of the nature of the enterprise, defines the connotation of enterprise taxation effect, discloses the action principle and operation mechanism of enterprise taxation effect, and sets up an analysis framework for deep research in the article. The first section combines the enterprise outlooks of Western economics and political economy, suggests that the nature of enterprise is the unity of"natural attribute"and"social attribute", and hereby makes analyses of the"duality"of enterprise target, enterprise interest relation and enterprise operation mechanism. The second section makes a general description of contract, briefly summarizes the Marxian contract outlook, finds out the taxation contract relation through the analysis of"Musgrave taxation influence dot chart", sets up a theoretical analysis framework of enterprise taxation contract relation by applying Marxian"interest opposition analysis method". The fourth section defines the relevant category of enterprise taxation effect from the standpoint of"natural attribute"and"social attribute". It explicates that the natural attribute effect is the resource allocation effect of taxation under vested system conditions, and that social attribute taxation effect is system planning effect under vested resource allocation conditions. The article analyzes action principle, conduction mechanism and operation mechanism of enterprise taxation effect, statically and dynamically.Chapter 3, Analysis of Enterprise Taxation Resource Allocation Effect. The article analyzes the influence of taxation on the allocation of internal resources and external resources of the enterprise, discusses the taxation competition effect between enterprise and government triggered during the process of resource allocation. The first section analyzes the action principle of enterprise taxation resource allocation, i.e. enterprise internal resource allocation centering on marginal revenue equaling marginal cost, and resource allocation effect of enterprise and external stakeholders centering on tax burden transfer. The second section starts with the influence of taxation on enterprise output and analyzes enterprise's production effect, labor force demand effect and"externality"effect. The third section defines enterprise investment yield and analyzes the taxation effect on enterprise investment yield and risk. The fourth section analyzes local balance effect and applies Harberger Model to the general equilibrium analysis of enterprise taxation. The fifth section discusses the taxation competition effect of the resource allocation between enterprise and government under the discriminating taxation condition, and analyzes the abuse of cut-throat competition.Chapter 4, Analysis of Enterprise Taxation System planning Effect. The article analyzes objective requirement function of every stakeholder and sets up the framework of enterprise taxation influencing enterprise system planning. Hereby, the article step by step analyzes the influence of taxation on internal property right of the enterprise. The article analyzes the influence of taxation on actions of manpower capital provider and financial capital provider and the change of enterprise arrangement arising herefrom. The first section introduces different enterprise interest requirements from a broad viewpoint, analyzes the nature of enterprise system planning, points out that the"status dependence"exists in enterprise property arrangement, and concludes that the taxation influences enterprise system planning through manpower capital provider and financial manpower provider. The second section describes the influence of taxation on the surplus interest demand and control of enterprise operator and employees under the condition that the interest relation of financial capital provider remains unchanged, i.e. the enterprise's capital structure remains the same. The third section describes the influence of taxation on the interest relation of enterprise shareholders and creditors under the condition that the interest of manpower capital provider remains unchanged, and analyzes the capital structure effect under such different conditions as economic duplicate taxation, capital gain taxation etc. and then analyzes the governing structure effect under different conditions.Chapter 5, Analysis of Enterprise Taxation Effect Optimization. By sorting and summarizing taxation optimization theories of every economic school, the article finds out the connotation of taxation system optimization, concludes the cause of enterprise taxation effect optimization, and gives out the optimization objective and measurement standard. The first section unscrambles the enterprise taxation effect optimization theory, look back at the core doctrine of every theory and makes brief comments thereof, which lays a theoretical foundation for optimizing enterprise taxation effect arrangement in the latter part of the article. The second section analyzes the cause of taxation effect optimization. The economic efficiency loss and taxation management efficiency loss resulting from taxation is the fundamental cause of enterprise taxation optimization. The third section is about enterprise taxation effect optimization. Firstly, the optimization in the layer of natural attribute, that is to realize a certain economic objective; secondly, the optimization in the layer of social attribute, that is to realize a certain social objective. The realization of both of these two objectives should follow the qualitative and quantitative criteria.Chapter 6 Demonstrative Analysis of Enterprise Taxation Effect. First of all, the article looks back at the historical progress of the enterprise taxation system in our country, makes practical investigation of enterprise taxation from tax burden and taxation system, and discusses the resource allocation effect and system planning effect of the current enterprise taxation system in our country. At last, the article brings forward the paths for optimizing enterprise taxation effect arrangement from enterprise tax burden, taxation system structure optimization and coordinative reform of related systems. The first section is about the investigation of system taxation system in our country. This section starts from the establishment of the enterprise taxation system in PRC, and researches into the evolution process and historical changes of the enterprise taxation system in our country accompanied by the economic development and system reform of the country. It analyzes the current formation of the enterprise taxation system from enterprise tax burden and taxation system structure. The second section is about the appraisal of resource allocation effect of current enterprise taxation system. The current enterprise taxation system in our country holds a great influence on the economic growth and industrial structure. On one hand, the current taxation system improves the adjustment of economic development and industrial structure in our country; on the other hand, a series of problems leads to the distortion of resource allocation among industries and areas in our country, such as the excessive economic growth of taxation,"production type"value added tax, income tax of enterprise with"dual track system", income tax of enterprise with"classic system","absent"social insurance tax and environment protection tax, etc. The third section is about the appraisal of system arrangement effect of current enterprise taxation system. Since it is hard to collect data on taxation effect in the system layer, we will analyze the influence of current taxation through capital structure. In regard to enterprise's financing, there is a typical"ternary financing mode". Due to non-taxation factors, taxation is no longer the key factor that influences the capital structure of enterprise and enterprise ownership in our country. This also proves that reform of taxation system requires coordinative reforms of related system. The fourth section starts with the optimization of macro tax burden and micro tax burden of the enterprise. According to Laffer Curve, it brings forward the thought of reasonably reducing the enterprise's macro tax burden and micro tax burden. The transformation of value added tax involves the problem of fixed capital deduction; income tax system involves the problem of incorporated economic duplicate taxation and the problem of transaction of affiliated party; change social insurance fee to social insurance tax; build up environment protection tax system in our country. And at the same time, complete the capital market in our country, settle the problem of"binary"financial system, coordinate the discrepancy between accounting system and taxation system, and utilize the improvement of accounting standard to promote the optimization of enterprise taxation system.Enterprise taxation effect involves complicated contents, especially the numerous and complicated relation relations inside and outside the enterprise, and what's more, the references for the analysis of the social attribute of enterprise taxation effect are limited. Therefore, it is much more difficult than the author has expected. Nevertheless, the author makes the fruitful discoveries in the following aspects:1. An analysis framework combining neoclassical economics and Marxian political economy blends Marxian political economy into the analysis framework of Western economics. The article breaks down the taxation effect into natural attribute and social attribute. In the specific effect analysis, Marxian political economics "interest opposition analysis method" goes through the process of the formal research form of neoclassical economics.2. Analysis method of multiple subjects and multiple viewpoints. Through analysis of modern enterprise theories, the article makes use of the theory of enterprise stakeholders to analyze the contract relation in enterprise taxation, define the taxation stakeholders of enterprise, and work out the effect analysis of the enterprise taxation resource allocation and system planning according to the taxation influence on their enterprise behavior.3. Pay attention to the influence of taxation on the internal interest relation of the enterprise. When analyzing enterprise taxation system effect, this article attaches great importance to the influence of such manpower capital providers as operators and employees on enterprise ownership relation, pays attention to the influence of different payment methods such as common salary system, annual salary system and enterprise annuity on the arrangement of enterprise ownership, and make a point of the influence of economic duplicate taxation and capital gain taxation in the financial capital investment process.4. Analysis of optimizing the management efficiency of enterprise taxation effect. During the analysis of enterprise taxation effect optimization, the article respectively analyzes economic efficiency loss and taxation management efficiency loss. The economic efficiency is categorized into "dominant loss" and "recessive loss". The article holds the opinion that the enterprise burden loss includes the loss caused during the process of taxation competition and rent seeking process. And the article analyzes the taxation management loss during the taxation management process with game theory.5. Optimize systematic framework of enterprise taxation effect in our country. While optimizing the enterprise taxation effect system planning in our country, this article measures and calculates the macro tax burn and micro tax burden of the enterprise in our country. Since the influence of taxation is covered by the influence of other systems in the system layer in our country, the author suggests optimizing relevant capital market system and coordinating taxation system and new accounting standard, besides the optimization of tax burden and taxation system structure in selecting paths.