Energy And Mineral Development And Utilization Of Economics

Energy minerals, the most important components of mineral resources, are the energy pillar of the existence and development of human beings in modern society. Especially in latest three decades, the exploration and exploitation of energy minerals have been the support of the high-speed development of Chinese economy, while they, at the same time, have caused a series of problems and contradictions, which have to be faced and solved in the further development of China. Present research on the exploration and exploitation of energy minerals are mainly conducted from the aspects of technology, law or economics, little is done from the aspect of political economics, that is to say, there is scarce or no research on human relations in the exploration and exploitation of energy minerals. This dissertation tries to analyze the exploration and exploitation of energy minerals in China from the angle of political economics to expose the deep contradictions, and provide, based on these analysis, ideas and policy suggestions for the solution of these problems and contradictions.This dissertation adopts the method of political-economic system abstraction. The study is made on the idea of "whose resources—who is leading, exploiting these resources—who can exploit and has the right as to how to exploit", establishing the subject, exposing the contradictions,and offering countermeasures. The significance of the research lies in the discovery that the "very concrete" and "realistic" problem of energy minerals has no relation with political economics; on the contrary, being a component or a cell of Chinese economy, it contains economic, political and cultural factors, indicates human relations, and reflects human contradictions. So it is necessary to adopt the stand, viewpoints and methods of political economics from the angle of integration of politics, economics and culture and make a systematic research into the energy minerals in China. This will counteract the weaknesses of present research, and find the right orientation and methods for study of the energy mineral issue.This dissertation consists of an introduction and six chapters.The introduction gives an account of the background and importance of the research, makes literature reviews, explains the research angle, thoughts and methods, and points out the creative points and weak points.Chapter I introduces the basic concepts and features of natural resources, mineral resources and energy minerals.Chapter II describes empirically the general situations of the exploration and exploitation of energy minerals in China. First it discusses the three historical stages of the exploration and exploitation of energy minerals in China from the aspects of time and the subject of theexploration and exploitation. Then it points out problems existing in the exploration and exploitation of energy minerals in China: 1) over-exploration, disordered exploration and shocking waste and damage; 2) over-assumption and low-rate exploitation; 3) over-discharge and serious pollution caused by the extensive modes of production and assumption; 4) frequent mineral disasters, heavy casualties, and no protection of the miners' rights of life and health.Chapter III explores the deep causes of these problems in terms of the nature of capital, development strategies and ownership. It claims that the basic causes are: nature of the capital — the pursuit of interests, collusion of government officials with businessmen, loss of subjectivity of the laborers in the present relations between labor and capital, development strategies of ignorance of the human factors and seeing only material factors, and empty subjectivity in right-interest system of energy minerals.Chapter IV provides the fundamental ideas to explore and exploit energy minerals through the regulations of democracy and law. They are: to guarantee the social subjectivity of the laborers through democracy and law, improve the quality and skills of the laborers (miners), break the collusion of government officials with businessmen, and collusion of government officials with coal, and consolidate the dominate role that large and medium-sized enterprises play in the exploration andexploitation of energy minerals.Chapter V presents measures to promote the reasonable exploration and exploitation of energy minerals in China. The major measures include: to moderate exploration and exploitation, save and take advantage of the present energy minerals, and at the same time explore new energy and renewable resources, make use of technological development in the exploration and exploitation, establish a price system that can reflects not only the degree of scarcity of the resources, the supply-demand relationship, but also the cost of the environment, and open up oversea markets in the active and autonomous economic communication.The creative points of the dissertation are: from the research angle, starting with subjectivity, the dissertation makes a political-economic analysis of the exploration and exploitation of energy minerals from the angle of integration of economics, politics and culture; for the object of study, coal, gasoline and natural gas are studied with integrity, overcoming the disadvantages of respective research, benefiting the formulation of the overall strategy of exploration and exploitation of energy minerals. At the same time, some concrete, practical and creative views and suggestions are covered.