The Institutional Analysis On The Agriculture Production Organization To Be Businesssed In China

Entered for the 21st century, the international domestic environment which our country agricultural production management faced has had the new changes, it challenge severely our country small farm production management mode. Based on it, this paper proposed that the agriculture production operation organization to be businessed is not only a process which the agricultural microscopic organizational structure and the management mode continue to readjust, but a system innovation to our basic agriculture management system. Taking the view as a center, the paper includes five sections as follows: The first section is introduction, which mainly introduce the basic background, the present research outcomes in the scope, research goal, research framework, research method and possible innovations.Based on analyzing the basic meaning, behavior basement, history evolution of the production organization to be businessed, combining the international experiences and the development trends, the second section pointed out the main clue of the agriculture production organization innovation, proposed that agriculture organization to be businessed is a basic goal of the agriculture production organization innovation. The third section exposited the institutional transition mechanism of the agriculture production organization to be businessed, which it includes the intrinsic mechanism and the exterior mechanism.The intrinsic mechanism analysis mainly based on changes of the production characteristics and transaction characteristics of the agricultural product, proposed that network organization is the basic model of the agriculture production organization. In view to the production characteristic, along with the science and technology applied in the agriculture, the natural factor that the agricultural production faces is getting smaller and smaller, being the agricultural production standardization technology application in agriculture, the measurement cost and the supervision cost is also gradually reduced, in addition, the rural community as an acquaintance society enable the proxy question that organizing the big scale work in agriculture to weaken. It is possible to break through the small farmer family boundary. But because the agricultural itself is a process which one kind of life body adapts to another life body, as well as our country national condition which have large population and little land, for a period of time, the agricultural production organization still take the peasant household family as a foundation, but the peasanthousehold behavior had the business characteristic, such as specialization production, land moderate scale, profit guidance, employee management. In view to three dimensions of the transaction, companying the agricultural production specialization and the high quality security agricultural product production, the degree of the asset specialization is higher and higher. Along with the agriculture production breaking through the seasonal limit, the transaction frequency of the agricultural product also gradually increases. The agricultural market risk increasing unceasingly causes its uncertainty increase. These three aspects also proposed a new proposition that it is necessary to substitute the market by the enterprise to organize the agricultural product transaction. Generally speaking, the production characteristic and the transaction characteristic in agriculture had decided the agricultural production operation organization should be one kind of network organization that take the enterprise as the network core, the peasant household as the network member, based on one kind of contract or the property right relations, implementing business management. Building on the analysis of institutional demands and institutional supplies, the institutional view of tool approach and evolution approach, it is necessary to implement the compulsory system transition which the government leads in agriculture to be businessed, fully considering the latent demand of the system transition. It is necessary to unify the compulsory system with the induced system transition organically, fully display the government in the policy supplies guiding role and emphasize the country providing the system supplies in the constitution and the political domain to advance the agriculture businessed to support the system transition. It is the community collective economy organization that considered as the primary main body in the system innovation. The fourth section mainly analyzed the actualization mechanism of the agriculture production organization to be businessed. The actualization of the agriculture businessed along two clues: the farm household to be businessed and the collective economy organization to be businessed, and take the peasant household businessed as a center, the collective economy organization businessed evolving coordinately. The farm household businessed includes the farm household management behavior businessed and the farm household organization businessed. After the investigation, the farm household's agricultural production management in present has the following characteristics: the small land scale, the high degree of land fragmentation, the higher agricultural product commercialized degree, the improved agricultural production specialization degree, the higher dependent on the socialized service and more .employee management. The factors that influence the farm household management behaviorbusinessed are intriguingly complex. According to the influence degree, it is in turn from high to light that the farmer's skill, the support level of the government to the large-scale management, the income structure of the farm household, the land change frequency and so on. Generally, the organization pattern of the farm household businessed according to farm household's independence can be divided into two patterns: the family farm pattern which the farm household as the agricultural production management main body and the integrated pattern which the farm household as the agricultural production workshop. These two patterns not only have different applicable scope, but different evolution way. The family farm will toward the cooperatives gradually in the specialized foundation, establish the agriculture specialized cooperative organization, even to the agricultural enterprise. This kind of way may be summarized as "the farmer+ the Company" pattern. It is possibly feasible to the areas that the non-agriculture industries quite developed, the majority farmers already withdraw from the agricultural production, no longer take the agricultural income as primary income. The integrated pattern is the mode that through the impetus of "the big agriculture" to '"the small farmer", the small farmer will separate the produce function from the management function, leaving the manage function to "the big agriculture", and already is businessed into management system of "the big agriculture". Between the farm household and the agricultural enterprise, the community has been built through some benefit joint mechanism. It is can be summarized as "the company +the peasant household" pattern. In the underdeveloped areas which the majority farm households is still engage in the agriculture mainly, it is a realistic choice to carry out the dual management pattern which " the big agriculture" and "the small farmer" coexist. Our country rural Community Collective economy Organization develops extremely imbalanced in everywhere, not only the traditional community collective economy organization, but also the new community collective economy organization. The obvious system barriers which the traditional community collective economy organization have, such as multiple goals, illegal person independent, property right fuzziness, are more and more blocking the farm household businessed. It is necessary to carry on the businessed transformation which taking the stock cooperative as the direction, according to the requests of the modern enterprise which has clear property right, the reasonable government structure. Although the new community stock cooperative system is more reasonable comparing the traditional community economic organization in the property right structure, it still has a series of property right problems, such as the establishment of the collective stock is easy to cause the property right fuzzy; Individual stockholder's rightis still incomlete; property right establishment according to welfare and fair orientation. The fifth section studied the institutional environment of the agriculture production organization to be businessed, built an policy system which taking the agriculture organization businessed as a center, include the cultivation of agriculture entrepreneur, surplus labor transition, agriculture land scale operation and investment & finance system. The agricultural entrepreneur's cultivation will be the launch factor of agriculture businessed, the farmland large-scale management and the shift speed of the surplus labor are the main limiting factors of the agriculture businessed, simultaneously the agriculture businessed also put forward new requires to the financing and investment mechanism. However, our country agriculture entrepreneur supplies seriously insufficient; the existing farmland system does not favor the agriculture businessed management, the incomplete agricultural surplus-labor shift way has also limited the advancement of the agriculture businessed; The agriculture financing and investment system doesn't favor the agriculture businessed.It is necessary from a strategic altitude, in view of the international experience in agriculture businessed management and the development trend, to understand scientifically the basic principle of our country agricultural production management system evolution, take "production developments the center of all work in the new rural reconstruction, take the agriculture businessed the core goal of the agricultural policy, construct new system frame advantageous to the agriculture businessed, consider comprehensively the agricultural entrepreneur, the farmland large-scale management, the surplus-labor shift, the agriculture financing and investment system as well as the social security system construction in rural, for agriculture businessed smoothing barriers.