| The economic restructuring carried out since 1978 has greatly changed the allocation mechanism of productive elements and income distribution system between city and countryside with a much faster speed. Along with the economic growth, the income of the residents of urban and rural areas increases rapidly, but the gap between them is becoming bigger and bigger. Many scholars believe that the current gap is beyond the rational level, reaching the critical point. This problem has aroused abroad attention within academic circles. With different reviewing sights and analytical means, for this problem, scholars come to various cognitions and various opinions towards urban and rural development policies, which directly affects the choice of urban and rural development strategies, and affects the health and sustainable development of China's future economy. So it is of great importance to research the income change trend and its influence elements from many points. As the cradle of the household contract responsibility system and the earliest pilot province of countryside taxes and fees reform, Anhui is an under-developed province mainly depending on agriculture, and it is also a very typical agriculture province in the middle area of China as well as the whole country. The income of residents lags behind, and income gap is also very eye-catching. Under the background of new socialist countryside construction and implementation of "Rise of the China central part", taking Anhui Province as an example to study the problem of income gap between urban and rural residents is a very meaningful and practical research, which will help to harmonize the development of city and rural areas.On the reference of other research results and taking Anhui as an example, through econometrics and mulitivariate statistical analysis, this paper discusses change features of the resident income in terms of time and space since the reform and opening-up, and puts forward some suggestions and...
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