Research On Socialized Agricultural Service System

Socialized agricultural service system refers to the service network and organizationalsystem formed by government, market and society in providing services to small famers inorder to meet the needs of agricultural production and development. In nature, developingsocialized agricultural service system is the basic power to realize agriculturalmodernization in use of organizational form to solve the problem of agricultural productivitydevelopment. Based on household contract management, the Two-level Management modelthat integrates unified with separate management had promoted the development ofproductivity for a period of time. However, with the deepening of rural reform andintensifying of market competition, the unified function was gradually weakened, while theseparate function was continually intensified. It is more difficult for individual farmers toadapt to the requirements of developing market economy. Small farmers have sufferedgreatly due to inability to withstand market risk, which gradually leads to the intensificationof conflicts between small farmers and big market, and the traditional way of agriculturaldevelopment needs to be changed. Based on China's national conditions of large populationand limited farmland, the household contract responsibility system is an important guaranteefor farmers to live, which should not be shaken in the long term. On the consideration of thisfact, it is necessary to establish and improve the Socialized agricultural service system toachieve modern agriculture. So far, China has initially formed a Socialized agriculturalservice system constituted by many service providers run through the whole industrial chain,but there are still many deficiencies such as high service costs, lower service levels, bigtransaction risks, etc. There is a big gap among the demand of rural economy flourish,agricultural modernization and current agricultural services, the effect of servicing farmersis far from reality. Therefore, what point of view should we use to understand the level andstructure of socialized agricultural service system? What are the relationships of variousparts within the structure? What are the functions of each part? To exert its overall function,how to improve current Socialized agricultural service system? All of these questions needto be solved. In order to adapt to the development of agricultural productivity in a new era,this paper takes them as a starting point, try to analyze status and problems of currentChina's Socialized agricultural service system, establishes a framework of modernSocialized agricultural service system by learning from the experiences of foreign countries, and deeply analyzes its organizational structure and function relations. Based on these, thispaper defines role and function for each service providers.This paper is written along two main clues. The first clue is an overall study on 'systemconstruction', namely, on the basis of analyzing status and regional differences of currentsocialized services system for agriculture and learning from the experiences of developedcountries, the former three chapters designs a overall framework and development ideas ofmodern Socialized agricultural service system. The second clue is a detached study on'system structure' starting from the fourth chapter to the sixth chapter, which further explorethe role and function of four kinds of providers including government public institutions,market leading enterprises, rural specialized cooperatives, research and education unites, andother social service organizations. China's agricultural socialization has great potential andspace to develop, but there are also significant differences in regional development. In orderto meet development and change of 'the three issues relating to agriculture, farmers andrural area', this paper preliminary establishes a framework of modern Socialized agriculturalservice system. External resources factors affects this system includes policy support,financial investment, management system, human resources, social support and marketingdistribution system. Internal structure mainly consists of four parts including governmentpublic institutions, market leading companies, rural specialized cooperatives, research andeducation unites, and other social service organizations, which sand for the interests ofgovernment, market, civil society and public welfare unites. Consequently, they respectivelyassume the function of providing public services, market services, mutual-aid services,science and education services, and play the role of goal attainment, economic adaptation,social integration, and Latency. Any single organization cannot assume the function ofproviding comprehensive services because China has so many small farmers. Moreover,with the deepening of market economy and the escalation of social change, there is a greatneed for multiple organizations in cooperation to meet the living and agricultural needs offarmers. Thus, at the macro level, government public institution and research-educationunites should return to public service area, and the government should encourage socialorganizations to participate in providing services. At the micro level, the government shouldsupport the community to become an important carrier within China's modern Socializedagricultural service system. In terms of function requirements of service providers, thegovernment should gradually transit from the traditional leader of the service providers,competition constitutor and mandatory pusher to service participant, network builder andcooperation facilitator, change its function from management to service, and take'decentralization, transfer and participation' as its reform direction. To enhance the leading role of enterprises, the government should give more support on establishing verticallyintegrated enterprise, develop the mode of 'leading-enterprises+cooperative+farmers',and enhance state intervention. In addition, the government should supervise the basis ofrural professional cooperatives, promote farmers' literacy and foster their cooperative ability,improve research-education unites' functions on research, education and extension, andspatially integrate social service organizations.