| Forest is the largest terrestrial ecosystem, its existence and development status, living environment and quality of life for people and sustainable development of national economy largely depend on its existence and development status.The comprehensive benefits are evaluated through the investigation on the causes of natural forest degradation of the Southwest (Sichuan Province, Chongqing Municipality, Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province),and combined with the implementation situation of Natural Forest Protection Project(NFPP),which the restoration measures of degraded natural forest are presented on the basis of the research. The evaluation research on comprehensive effects of NFPP provides references for inspecting implementation quality of NFPP,regulating further policy of project,and re-planning engineering proposal.In the research content and method,this paper comprehensively utilizes the ecology and economic theory and learns the related research at home and abroad based on the study of forest ecology,selecting the four representative provinces in the Southwest as a case study,making use of the statistics of seven national forest resources inventories and field surveys in the Southwest,taking advantage of the methods of comparative analysis and statistical analysis to study the dynamics of forest resources in the Southwest and construction status of NFPP,using the way of factor analysis to research the causes of the degradation of natural forest,and utilizing the means of value measurement and AHP to evaluate respectively the comprehensive effects of NFPP in the Southwest.First,after the founding of the PRC, due to the lack of knowledge of forest ecological functions,which brings about reuse and light protection, resulting in the destruction of forests;and after the reform and opening up, forest resources is cut piratically down owing to the contracted responsibility system of mountain and forest and the problems in government administration. Extensive damage forest ecosystems, not only will seriously weaken the ecological functions of forests,but natural disasters, resulting in poverty, unemployment, disease, and even the intensification of social conflicts, ethnic conflicts, threatening the ruling regime. Thus we should understand this issue from a political perspective.After the implementation of NFPP,the forest resources is preliminarily showing good growth,and forest reserves are also slowly growing,which the overall quality of forest resources begins to improve, reflecting the indicators of forest structure changes toward the direction of rationalization such as forest productivity and improved forest ecological function,all of which illustrate that the NFPP has given initial results.Second,according to the investigation and analysis of restoration status of degraded natural forests, the reasons for degraded natural forests can be summarized as follows:one is the direct and indirect causes.The direct cause is that the unreasonable development means such as natural forest logging, deforestation, land reclamation; the indirect cause is that social and economic reasons such as obvious contradiction between people and land, ineffective state economic regulation, poverty problems.But the fundamental reason is that the Government and the Chief Executive as the improper omission caused the result,embodied in the decision-making mistakes in the reform.Third, the implementation of NFPP, natural forests got a very good rehabilitate.To reduce and stop the deforestation and creat vigorously forests can make the forest resources got full recovery and development,improve obviously the forest coverage rate,increase increasingly the forest area, augment steadily the forest accumulation, ameliorate the forest quality, rationalize gradually the age group structure and the forest structure, enhance the forest productivity and ecological function,showing that the forestry in China based on wood production and ecological construction has historically achieved initial success.Fourth, through the comprehensive benefits assessment of the NFPP in Southwest,we can see that the forest not only has great ecological benefits, but also show great economic and social benefits.It not only provide national construction and people's lives with wood and other various non-wood forest products, but also an important repository for carbon storage, water reservoirs, gene banks and energy library. And it plays an irreplaceable role in water conservation, carbon sequestration oxygen, water and soil conservation, water purification, sand-fixing, regulating climate, cleaning air, maintaining biodiversity, etc. In addition, it can also provide travel travel and leisure sites, create a large number of job opportunities for farmers to become rich way,and pour great vitality into regional economic development.On the whole, the ecological benefits and social and economic benefits of NFPP are positive,and the cost-effectiveness Is substantial,but there are still some policy issues.Fifth, according to the results of evaluations, corresponding policy recommendations are presented that the people is viewed as the main body of ecological construction and environmental protection, enterprise's aim is to meet the requirements of the state.And the government should mobilize and organize the masses,safeguard the interests of people.It is must to improve the ecological and economic coordinating consciousness of leaders at all levels and the masses,who should have a correct ideological guideline in economic development that can't simply drive by the economic interests.And it will be deforestation of forests, destruction of ecosystem balance if they put their eyes on the immediate interests and local interests, which seriously damage to the long-term and overall interests, causes huge losses for economic development. So we should restore serious undermined the forest as soon as possible through organizing the masses to plant trees and pregnant trees, which will radically reduce all kinds of natural disasters to intimidation of human and can make the economic and ecological efficiency be unified,so that our country's forestry economy will be able to achieve sustainable development.It is proposed that public should be given first priority when developing forestry. The cause of public welfare takes public ownership as the subject in the system. Mountain and twenty-five degrees above the mountain slope should belong to the state to develope forestry. In administration, we should adopt approaches of "forest-based, multi-management" as well as management measures of forest classification. To the commonweal forest, It is best to develop its ecological and social benifits. To the commercial forest,It is a goal to pursue its economic benefits.Sixth, one of major innovation of this dissertation is to focus on empirical study in combination with practice. The other is not only to evaluate on comprehensive benefit of Natural Forest Protection Project in Southwest China but also to improve the scientificity of evaluation by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Value Measurement Method.
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