Study On Motives And Effects Of U.S. Trade Protection

Study on motives and effects of U.S. trade protectionToday with the rapid development of trade liberalization, it is so much easier that trade protectionism set off waves when facing economic crisis, as reminds us maintaining sufficient vigilance. During the process of development of representative U.S trade protection, the study on motives and effects of U.S. trade protection can deeply reveal the nature and internal driving force of the rise of trade protection, so as to provide the feasible suggestions coping with trade protectionism and ensure the stable development of Chinese foreign trade.Due to different concerns of the main arguments, the main theory of trade protection in the past put forward corresponding arguments and evidence. We can establish new theoretical analytic framework combined with the actual situation in the United States and make further study on the U.S. motives and effects of trade protection, on the basis of the existing literature and analysis. From the perspective of the evolution of main theory of trade protection, we can study on relative issues of the starting point and the effects under different backgrounds, and sort out the theory of the main arguments, and conclude and induct the aspects of background, motives and effects, etc. Above All of these are as the logic clue and evidence.On the basis of the inspection to changes of the strength of U.S. economy and world trade system, the analysis to the background and the evolutionary characteristics of U.S. trade protection is mainly based on the relationship between the evolution of U.S. trade policy and the strength and status development of U.S. trade protection, according to the logic of history. The research on main trade policy and measures under different periods from the establishment of the country provide foundation to the empirical analysis to the trade protection motives and effects.Then, starting with trade protectionism with "state intervention" thoughts, from the perspective of the ideological impact, we study the impact of nationalism to U.S. trade policy orientation. As proved from the theoretical perspective, nationalism and the state ideology influence the trade protection orientation. After that, we inspect the impact of nationalism to individual preference, and find that the benefit of nation and country be the interior driven power of trade protection orientation. Then on this basis, supply and demand mechanism is chosen as the trade policy-making framework, and analysis is made to the mechanism and effects of benefit group during U.S. trade policy-making. We study on political motives, processes, mechanisms and results of U.S. trade policy, in accordance with supply and demand mechanism during the formulation of trade policy. The study finds that main interest groups in the United States affect the strength and the choice of object in the course of trade policy in the United States.Through the above theoretical and practical research, the safeguard of national interests is the internal driven power and main motives. Due to the factors of political and economic interests, the implementation of trade policy and the final objective is not always with the objective to the maximization of national welfare.From macroeconomic perspective, we study the development of U.S. trade protection and performance characteristics and the reasons for fluctuations of trade protection, with the core argument of "Protection of Trading" as the evidence, and the economic fluctuations as the clue. First, we establish long-term trend fluctuation model on U.S. economic fluctuation on the basis of main theories related to economic fluctuations and main relevant indicators, and then make analysis to the cooperative movements relationship between the changes of trade amount and economic fluctuations, and the features of trade protection. Research demonstrates that: with the increasing strength of U.S. economy, trade protection measures shows hidden development, and trade protection measures and methods become more flexible. In the way of Poisson regression models through quantitative and qualitative analysis, GDP growth, unemployment, inflation, trade balance of payments situation and trade protection have the inherent volatility, all of which are the main motives of fluctuations, and make the rise of trade protection or increased risk up to a certain extent. Therefore, the research results of U.S. trade protection effects demonstrates that: U.S. trade protection policies has no significantly positive effect to improve the level of employment and trade balance nationwide, and that its negative impact as demonstration role is very obvious.From the perspective of protection from "industry protection" point in trade theory, we inspect the relationship between the characteristics of trade protection and industrial competitiveness and the effect of protection. According to industry competitiveness theory, we make quantitative and qualitative analysis to the mechanism of trade barriers to industrial competitiveness, and the research on industry distribution characteristics of U.S. trade protection barriers. In the empirical analysis to trade protection on industry, considering the influence and status of industry and the sustenance of trade protection, agricultural and steel industry are selected as the research object, and the inherent correlation between the degree of trade protection and the industrial competitiveness is verified through trade competition index and other indicators. Finally, we make analysis to the effects of trade protection, through the "learning by doing" effect of industry and the welfare effects of trade protection. The conclusion is that asymmetry exists between the cost and the effects of trade protection, and the trade protection on industry pay huge economic cost and do damage to national welfare.From the viewpoint of "protection of environment"of trade protection theory, U.S. green barrier measures and effects are inspected from the perspective of environmental protection. From the perspective of international trend of environmental protection and coupled relationship between environmental protection and the trade barriers, the result of theoretical and empirical analysis demonstrates that the generation of green barriers have protectionism colors in nature. On this basis, after the analysis to the main green barriers of the United States, the effects of green barriers are studied from perspective of effects of environmental protection and protectionism respectively. First, with the main line of internalization of environmental costs, the protective effect of green barriers is studied, and the results demonstrate: The essence of U.S. green barriers is to maintain national interests, without exception of carbon tariffs. The reduction of pollution in the United States is in the cost of the loss of other country's welfare or environmental pollution of them, and conclusion of the underlying causes of trade protection to maintain national interests is proven again. Second, the protectionism effects of green barriers is inducted, and the results obtained: United States implement trade protection on purpose of trade protectionism mainly in the name of environmental protection, to harm the export trade of other countries.Through study on the motives and effects of U.S. trade protection from multi-angle of economic fluctuations, industrial competitiveness and environmental protection and so on, the existence of the bias between the theory and the actual effect can be verified. These studies contribute to deeply researching on the new international trade issues to reveal its essence.On the basis of previous analytic results and the main relevant economic indicators, we make analysis to the characteristics of Chinese industries involved in the range of U.S. trade protection. Finally, based on the whole situation faced by China of the protectionism, we put forward the feasible policies combined with actual situation of our country.