Research Of Localization Method And Dynamic Clustering For Target Tracking WMSN

With the development of semiconductor technology, the low power video and acoustic sensors are widely used in the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) to foster the Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN).The WMSN becomes a hot research spot for its abundant sensed information and has been applied to applications such as image registration, smart video surveillance, environment monitoring and target tracking.Due to the difference of sensors, the new method and strategy are needed in the target tracking based on the WMSN. This paper has proposed the localization method and the target tracking architecture based on dynamic clustering to promote the performance of target tracking.In the proposed target localization method, the characteristics of the attenuation of audio signal and the impact of target localization precision affected by sensor positions have been analyzed to get the nodes selection principle. Then, the camera calibration technologies in computer vision area and the characteristics of wireless video sensors have been analyzed. Through the coordinates of several points in the field of view, based on the CamShift and the two nodes in a parallel model, the new calibration algorithm solves the rotation matrix R and interior parameter matrix K. Then, the target localization has been carried out by the low-complexity method base on wireless video sensors.In the research of dynamic clustering, the architecture for target tracking based on dynamic clustering is proposed. The dynamic clustering algorithm and routing protocol have been designed to improve the robustness and precision of target tracking performance. The energy consumption has been reduced as well. In the dynamic clustering algorithm, with the history target coordinates, the direction and the speed of the target is forecasted. Based on the forecasted results, the cluster head and radius are optimized. The cluster members detect the target and send the results to the cluster head at which the target localization are carried out and send to the Sink. In order to ensure the reliability of data transmission and reduce the packet lost ratio, a Minimum Energy Consumption Ratio Routing Protocol based on Ant Colony is proposed and the maximum load of the path is constrained as well.In the research of cooperative processing with secure mechanism in the dynamic clustering, the task allocation algorithm based on coordinates (TAAC) is proposed. The TAAC, which takes the minimum power consumption as optimization target and the real-time as constraints, allocates the computation and communication tasks; to the nodes near the target. The sensor nodes promote the processing power by computing in parallel. In order to guarantee the security of cooperative processing, a key management protocol for two hop clustering structure is proposed. Through creating the cluster key, the protocol reduces the key storage cost and resolves the problem of high communication cost for key distribution and renewing. The research of cooperative processing with secure mechanism not only promotes the real-time performance, but also guarantees the network security.In the last chapter, a small-scale target tracking wireless multimedia sensor networks has been designed and implemented. The hardware and software of low power wireless image and temperature sensor nodes, as well as the software of the server, have been carried out. Compared with the existing sensor nodes, the processing power and bandwidth have been promoted and the energy consumption has been reduced. The wireless multimedia sensor networks can transmit temperature and image data in multi-hop model with low packet error ratio. The wireless image sensor can detect the target and send the image data to the server. In order to avoid transmitting the image of the same target and reduce the energy consumption, the wireless image sensor matched the targets by Shape Matching Method.