Research On The Security Of Space Communication Protocols

Nowadays, on the basis of improving types and functions of satellite systems, the main space countries are dedicated to developing small satellites and establishing new integrated aerial systems and space-based integrated information network, in order to improve aerial efficiency. Space-based integrated information network is an intelligent system consisting of multiple types of satellite systems and space shuttles on different orbits, which is achieved by interconnection and communication according to the principle of the most effective utilization. The network can integrate multiple space systems, including investigational surveillance, environmental surveillance, resource exploration, warning, navigation and positioning, communication and broadcasting and space defense and confrontation. It is characterized by the ability of auto-running, auto-managing, information accessing, storing, processing and distributing.Network protocol is essential to the development of space communication system. IP protocol, the commonest used network protocol, can provide many space communication functions, especially peak-to-peak ability, high-layer protocol function and standardization. While IP protocol was developed for the land-based network. If the connection was maintain, IP protocol would seldom face data lost caused by deconstruction. IP protocol can realize two-way link, whose adaptable conditions are far different from those of space shuttles. Because of space environment different from that of the land, it requires to consider such factors as long transmission, weak signal, channel noise, Doppler frequency shift and frequent interruption of space-land communication during the design of data network and communication protocol. CCSDS is based on IP protocol while adopting appropriate modification. And SCPS protocol is presented for the communication between space and land. In order to protect the security of space communication, CCSDS has its own security working group, in charge of providing suggestions concerned with information security for CCSDS, evaluating security risks, designing security system and developing security technologies. Since 2003, special meetings have been held every half a year. At present, the main security problems were discussed, objects were drawn. But there is a lack of effective security technologies.The main work was accomplished as followings:1. The research progress of CCSDS security working group was trailed. The attention was paid to the last ten special meetings from 2003 autumn to 2008 spring, and research status and development of the security technologies of space communication protocol were mastered.2. Analysis technologies of protocol security were compared. The development of formalized analysis technology of security protocol was studied. The formalization analysis of CCSDS protocol was presented.3. The security of CCSDS was analyzed. SCPS-SP protocol standard, authentication protocol draft, encryption protocol draft and secret key management draft were analyzed by using formalization analysis method, and security features and its potential loopholes were pointed out.4. Security gateway of space communication was designed and its security was also analyzed. The space gateway of space communication system was designed used SCPS-SP protocol standard as reference, and the main security loopholes existing CCSDS draft were overcome through formalization analysis.