Study Of The Unique Functions Of The National University (college)

Universities (colleges) for nationalities are comprehensive ordinary universities or colleges established by the Party and our country in order to solve the ethnic problems existed in our country. Universities (colleges) for nationalities are very important bases for cultivating high quality talents of ethnic minorities, for the study of national theories and policies and for inheriting and carrying forward excellent cultures of all ethnic minorities. They are significant diplomatic windows and display our national policies.This dissertation combines historical research and fieldwork study, theory research and experience study, mainly uses "emic" and "etic" research method. Through investigating the development and history of the unique functions occupied by universities (colleges) for nationalities, this dissertation proposes that the key factor which hinders the development of the universities is the market economy and school-running model contradictions. This paper attempts to find the solution to the contradictions from both country and school the two levels.This dissertation consists of eight parts. The first part is an introduction. It introduces the research background, significance and purposes of the research, the overview of related achievements home and abroad, research contents, the definition of core concepts, and backup theories and research methods. The innovative points of this research are as follows:1.It is the first time that researchers have explored the unique functions of universities (colleges) for nationalities, and hence this paper plays an enlightening role for function studies of different types of universities and colleges; 2.It presents clearly that there exist some contradictions and conflicts between market economy and the objectives and aims of universities (colleges) for nationalities. It also manages to find the solving solutions and ways of the existing problems; 3.Gided by educational anthropology and educational sociology theories and methods, the researcher not only carries out systematic investigation on universities (colleges) for nationalities but puts the investigation notes in tidy order and system; 4.By expounding the inheritance, broadcasting, borrowing and innovation systems on cultures of universities (colleges) for nationalities, this dissertation discusses the important roles of the universities in inheriting and protecting national cultures.Chapter one:Questionnaire surveys and results analysis about universities (colleges) for nationalities. This part is mainly the analysis and interpretation of fieldwork questionnaire. It points out that the key contradictions are the conflict of the aim of talent training and the trend of employment, the conflict amongst curriculum arrangement, students' requirement and aim of talent training, the decline of cultural inheritance functions of the universities and increasing requirements of the country, the teachers and students, and the homoplasty of universities (colleges) for nationalities with common universities.Chapter two:The development and influencing factors about functional viewpoints of universities (colleges) for nationalities. While reorganizing their historical development in the recent 60 years, this dissertation points out that the viewpoints are the result of effective interaction of the country and society which are also restricted by the essential attributes of national education. Here is one crucial point which we have to provide:under the attack of market economy, there is a gap between the functional viewpoints of universities (colleges) for nationalities and the real functions they play.Chapter three, four and five are discussion and analysis with regard to the unique functions owned by universities (colleges) for nationalities. Based on national characteristics, universities (colleges) for nationalities have developed their unique functions, which are expressed in many aspects such as talent training for national minorities, scientific research, providing services for the economic and social development of national districts, and inheriting cultures of ethnic minorities. Amongst them, the function of talent training serves as the basic function both for general higher education and universities (colleges) for nationalities. The other functions such as functions of scientific research, providing services for the economic and social development of national districts and inheriting cultures of ethnic minorities are all derived and developed from it. In today's society, these aforementioned four functions are inseparably interconnected and compliment each other. None is dispensable; it puts forwards that there inevitably exist a series of problems in the developing process of universities (colleges) for nationalities. The production of these problems is influenced by social and school factors, and above all by those individuals who are being educated.Chapter six:This part reflects on the unique functions of universities (colleges) for nationalities from theories, reality and reforms the three aspects. It advocates that the fundamental reason which hinders the exerting of the unique functions is the contradiction between market economy and school-running models of universities (colleges) for nationalities, the social reason is the universities'(colleges') maladjustment in development of national districts and ethnic minorities, while the internal reason is the lag of reforms in the universities (colleges). The corresponding problem solving solutions are as follows: From national level, macro-control should be enhanced so as to eliminate the harmful effects that market economy casts on universities (colleges) for nationalities. This dissertation emphasizes while keeping the present enrollment policy, relevant matching arrangement about employment needs to be put into action. From the school level, pertinent reforms are called on concerning all the problems existed. On talent training, the first suggestion proposed is that carrying out variety-goal training program according to different levels and requirements of the students; the second point is that adjusting specialty curriculum setting; the third point is to improve teaching methods. On scientific research and society services, the first solutions provided is that enhancing emotions of researchers to ethnic minorities and national districts, and improve research competence and ability; the second point is that taking serving for ethnic minorities and national districts as principle aim and direction; the third is to strength the communication and cooperation with national districts and assist the poor with technical guidance; the fourth is to lay emphasize on the work of transforming scientific research products into experimental projects. On cultural inheritance, this dissertation presents the following ideas:1.classroom teaching is the base of cultural education for university students; 2.enhance international communication and cooperation; 3.attach significance to cultural construction on campuses. To conclude as one crucial point:the dissertation emphasizes that the system and mechanism reforms in universities (colleges) for nationalities must be reinforced. In the first place, based on serving ethnic minorities and national districts, modern university system must be established. In the second place, there is a need to deepen management system reform, and build academic-oriented universities. In the last place, try to optimize the various structures of the universities and the resources they occupy, and therefore make creative improvement about the internal structures of universities (colleges) for nationalities.The last conclusion part elaborates the gist of the entire dissertation systematically, and then presents some weaknesses and defects of this research.