Towards An Empirical Analysis Of Deliberation Building-From The Perspective Of Habermas's Communicative Action Theory Of Building Deliberation

Constructing an ideal type of action is the main issue that many scholars have been exploring . when reflecting on the theory of action in the past, deliberation, with her theoretical advantages, such as equality, inclusiveness, rationality , responsible charater, legality ,etc. is drawing the attention of more and more scholars。Scholars from different fields all give their own descriptions and interpretations. However, the previous study is focused on the the charaterics of deliberation due to the reserchers'perspective and the limitation of theory they rely on, and little consideration is given to how deliberation can be construced. In practice, we can always see traces of deliberation everywhere, only that we are more concerned about the public hearings beore policies related to people's welfare are made and discussions on the Internet forum , only that we seldom describe and analyze how deliberation is built, especially the deliberation in a microcosmic sense. Through research on the process of deliberation building, the deliberation theory itself can be enriched and developed, and what's more, it can make a great contribution to building a harmonious society if an active communication can be made between the government and society, between different principal parts of interests, and if local government can take into account public opinions and make a postive response when laying down policies and resolve the conflict of interest caused by social transformation through mutual deliberation .The main question that this paper answers is how to build the deliberation. Taking the case of land expropriation at Hu Dong development zone of the town D as an example, based on Habermas's Theory of Communicative Action, this paper researches into the process of deliberation bilding through three chapters. The first chapter provides an overview of the deliberation process involved in land expropriation in Hu Dong development zone. Chapter II , the core of this study, is divided into six sections. It tries to explain that the pursuit of instrumental rationality motivated all parties to cooperate ; limiteded by poor cultural capital and communicative ability ,villagers were forced to elect representatives, who will negotiate with the government; the first deliberation was interruptd because all the parties concerned want to achieve the maximization of self-interest by use of the imperfectness of the regulations; during the interruption of deliberation , all parties took strategic measures , only to make the problem more complicated; during the second deliberation, the participating parties finally abandoned their own irrational demands and formeded a tripartite assessment team who would establish a compensation standard acceptable to all; all the parties conserned reached a consensus。Finally, it comes to tha conclusion that in the process of deliberation, instrumental rationality and communicative rationality are always intertwined; starting from the life world is the precondition for deliberation between communicative parties. Local tradition provides abstract life situations for the villagers'intercommunication, laws and regulations provide institutional protection for the deliberation between the parties concerned, for local tradition ,laws, and regulations to take into effect, the villagers have to raise the level of their cultuaral capital; democratic discourse is the basis for deliberation ; the villagers'awareness of self-organization is growing, the villagers'maximization of communicative rationality is achieved by the way of electing representatives for the second time; deliberation building is a repeated process. In order to further promote deliberation, this paper suggests that laws and regulations should be improved, the farmers'level of cultural capital should be raised, the farmers'the right to speak should be fulfiled ; scientific and democratic decision-making in public domain should be ensured; the role of the mass media and organizations of Chinese Communist Party at the grass-roots level should be brought into play.