"Go Out Of Home" And "Come Back Home"

Since the 1980's, with the advancement of the reform and open policy, our country and so on each aspect has provided more concrete and a comprehensive support for the woman in the legal regime and the development programme, women are obtaining the expansion unceasingly opportunities in society development. Meanwhile,"the theory of women go back home"to appear repeatedly, and in the mid-80s, the early 90s and the turn of the century formed three high tides. The discussion about"the theory of women go back home"breaks through the sphere of learning gradually to the social domain proliferation, becomes focal point which the entire society pays attention on. But, the domestic scholars mainly from"the advance/the backlash","the liberation/the suppression"and so on dual opposition's thought model study"the women come back home", the relationship of women liberation and the nation-state, lacking in the synthesized search base on combining the diachronism with the extensity, lacking of more essence connection exploration about the question which the relation is between"women come back home","women go out of home"in Chinese women liberation with the nation-state construction. The analysis on"the theory of women go back home", involves how to appraise Chinese women liberation, concerns how to define relation character of Chinese women liberation and the construction of national state, is a question which the current Chinese academic circle urgently awaits to study, is also an unevadable topic in China social development. These researches, not only will affect contemporary and the later Chinese woman's liberation, will affect the sexes relation, will affect to construct harmonious society, will also affect the construction of Chinese characteristic socialism nation-state and the realization of Chinese modernity.This article utilizes the method of the social thinking history, uses the overlapping theory frame of social sex and the nation-state, take the woman"go out of home"and"come back home"as the breakthrough point, makes a quite comprehensive system's analysis and the research about the Chinese women's liberation and the nation-state construction since 19th century last stage. Through the research, we discovery that the Chinese women's liberation and nation-state construction exist the paragenesis relations mutually. The woman"go out of home"and"come back home"is highly related to the different political community using different resources to construct different pattern's modern nation-state, the woman is always the construction potency quantity in the nation-state construction. Meanwhile, in process of nation-state construction, woman's liberation also be advanced in depth and on breadth unceasing, the woman obtains the bigger development opportunities unceasingly, and start truly"independent"at last stage in the 20th century. Therefore, the Chinese women liberate with the nation-state construction, has provided the platform respectively for each other's growth strength. Speaking of current China in the reforming time, the relations is similarly constructs mutually between the woman liberates and the Chinese characteristic socialism nation-state's construction, modern China feminine liberation cannot leave the Chinese characteristic socialism nation-state's system support, but Chinese characteristic socialism nation-state construction similar need modern China feminine's wisdom and strength.This article is divided into the following three parts: the first part includes first, second, third chapters. The first chapter is about the research basic limits, including concept limits, research significance and research material and research technique and angle of view. The second chapter is the research summarizes, introduces the research about the domain division's of the domestic and foreign scholars, summarizes the research on the woman's liberation with the nation-state. The third chapter has analyzed the internal relations between the woman, the family and the national. The comparison between the nation and Qing Dynasty has initiated to the comparison in individual. In the national organism discusses under the influence, the feminine individual's importance in reliefs comes out. Therefore, Chinese woman's liberation question emerges historical the surface.The second part is the hard core of analysis and the proof. Based on the above limits and the analysis, this article according to the historical development advancement of the nation-state construction, divides three big historical stages: the period of later Qing Dynasty, the socialism initial period and the period of reform and open policy, each stage takes one chapter, named fourth, fifth, sixth chapters, discusses the concrete interaction betwween the nation-state's construction and the female's"go out of home"and"come back home".The relation of woman and family, is always an important link on constructing the social structure and the national order. The latter Qing dynasty time, Chinese woman's main life space was the family domain, the theory, the system and the real life had established the standard layer upon layer in view of the woman. Woman's body was devastated because of binding the feet, woman's brains became ignorant because of lack the education, women was limited extremely. The women were sealed up in the family, isolated nearly with the society, had no right to participate in the human public management enterprise radically, were also unable to control own destiny. At the same time, following the modernized advancement, the Western women were going out of the family, had raised the feminist movement, won the employment, participated in government successively and so on social rights. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95, China faced with integrity social crisis. In order to save the nation from subjugation, China started to construct modern nation-state to realize the modernized advancement. The Chinese construction of modern nation-state, was taken the Western society as the reference. When learning success experienced from the West, China's knowledge elite discovered that the concept of"nation"and"individual"has the vital significance regarding in the construction of modern nation-state in Western culture. China women's social status and the life huge were sharp contrast to the western women's, it is defined to be the difference between the backward and the advanced, the barbaric and the civilized, the traditional and the modern by China's knowledge elite in late Qing Dynasty. The western woman's independence, strong, wisdom has be regarded as one important element to Western nation-state's formidable and developed. Therefore, China's country prosperous common people similar need female's modernization, so Chinese pulled open the secular travel to liberate woman accompanying with the modern nation-state construction.At the late Qing dynasty and the Republic of China initial period, the"nation-state"was discovered to be an efficient path on reconstructing Chinese nation through comparison in China and the West. The construction of"nation-state"needs"dynasty country"setting at variance, because"feminine - family", Chinese"dynasty-state"and the social structure have the very complicated relation,"rescuing"female from the system of Chinese"the Family"is the first step to construct nation-state. Different political community has different ways to construct the"nation-state". The female's"go out of home"or"come back home", inlays in each kind of nation-state pattern. In order to consolidate and continue its dominant status, the late Qing government bagan to reform and implemented new policy, attempted to construct one modern state by the pattern of"the Chinese culture is core, the western culture is supplementtary". The end of the Qing government's female policy was mainly to free the feet and bring female integrates into the official compulsory education system. Take Kang You-wei as representative's reform faction, attempts to establishment"the constitutional monarchy"the nation-state through the political reform. This was one kind of modernization diligently profiting from Britain's nation-state pattern and taking the Japanese Meiji Restoration as model. The bourgeois revolutionaries take Sun Yat-Sen as representative's, have very pronounced views on overthrowing the Qing government's rule and establishing the bourgeoisie Republic, mainly taking France and US's nation-state pattern as the reference. The nation-state takes the democracy, the freedom and the equal initiation as the energetic foundation, emphasizes individual right, freedom and full development. According to the above, the bourgeoisie Modernist Party and the bourgeois revolutionaries send to propose to liberate the female. The bourgeoisie Modernist Party's female policy was mainly"enduring the foot-binding"and managing the female study. The bourgeois revolutionaries defined the female as"the female national"that should have the same politics social rights as the male. The gentry government armed by Yuan Shi-kai and the Nanjing National government leaded by Chiang Kai-Shek, both was the authority principle color nation-state pattern, Yuan Shi-kai and Chiang Kai-Shek were both draw support from the military authority to advance the modernization. Yuan Shi-kai advocated using Confucianism to conform social consciousness shape, thereby forming the unified national order. So, Yuan Shi-kai's female policy, was to publicize traditional the chastity view, to ban the sisterhood and the women's movement, to emphasize the relation that the female to the family. Chiang Kai-Shek approves the Chinese tradition cultural system particularly Confucianist ethics, opposed and was hostile to the liberalism and socialism, supported and approved of the Fascism. Chiang Kai-Shek made tradition, despotic and Fascism unioned, his female policy was publicizd the female regarding the family responsibility, stressed the duty that the female observes the traditional ethics morals, drawed up the policy to support the woman to go home. The revolution base government that the China Communist Party established, is to establish a socialism modern nation-state through the farmer revolution. Workwomen and countrywomen are one constituent of proletariat. Therefore, the China Communist Party liberates the woman from the feudal family's fetter, entrusts with the woman each aspect social rights : the political right, the economical right, the cultural right and so on, which is the need to carry on the family revolution and eradicate the tradition social structure, is also the need for woman to realize independent in the economy and in the personality.In brief, in the first half of 20th century, experiment, the females had the relations with construction modern nation-state's in the way of"go out of home"or"come back home"in the different political association. Overall, in the nation-state construction's process, Chinese woman's liberation also unceasingly obtains the advancement: the scope of the female liberated expands unceasingly, expanding from a part of knowledge female at the late Qing people's to female workers peasant woman and so on general ordinary females at the late May Fourth Movement; the female went out of the family, to study, to work, to employ, to participate in government, finally to participate in social revolution, the base woman had even obtained the similar each social rights with man. At this time, along with the Chinese society crisis's aggravation, the female liberation with the emancipation of the nation colluded in together, the female"go out of home"to be able to obtain liberation became the social mutual recognition.In 1949, People's Republic of China's establishment symbolizes the establishment of socialism nation-state in China. The newborn socialist countries faced with the reorganization society's duty because of the Chinese society's lax and disorder. Mao Zedong advocated to realize the social integration by the way of"organization". The socialism nation-state advanced equality of the sexes realization by legal regime's form, the woman has obtained the same level social rights with the male. Woman main medium which as the production, revolutionary movement's new force and the society governs, is the firmest strength for newborn socialism nation-state to consolidate political power, realize the social highly conformity. Under statism's background, the woman has obtained power validity resistance to male, the public authority infiltrated to the private enable the female obtaining the huge promotion in the public and private domain status, the woman has become"the social person". At this time, the women's liberation took"go out of home"as the attribute, took"the productive labor"as the standard, took"the identical equality"as the principle, the women displaied high approvalto the national. The women's liberation that the country impelled from the top to downward, was one kind of highly unified pattern. While the Chinese women obtained"the society liberation", also falled into the new disassimilation mechanism.After 1979, China starts to bring order out of chaos, reconsiders the Great Cultural Revolution, implements the reform and open policy. The process that Chinese characteristic socialism nation-state construction, is also the process that Chinese pursues democracy and the science modernized. The opening, democratic social environment, has provided the full scale development platform to the individual. Woman's ability obtained the comprehensive acknowledgment, the country releases a series of planning for action to advance the Chinese women"the professionalism". At the same time, woman's feminity is paied attention on, woman's function in family construction have been unearthed. The woman takes a person as a woman, obtained the confirmation in the national words system. This has caused two aspect results: On the one hand, the female gives full play in the socialist system, expands opportunities day by day in the social domain's development; On the other hand, the sacred missions of"good wife and loving mother"and"cultivation qualified successor"strengthened the relations between woman and the family. Along with the reform advancement, the employment question was serious day by day. In order to solve the employment problem, some people proposed the plan of"the women go home". In the 80s, the 90s and in 2001, there was three discussion about"the women go home". In the discussion of"the women go home", there was the different words type, the educational world words, the government words, the organization words and the individual words expressed the opinion separately from the different standpoint. Starts from the 80s, the academic circle puts forward a proposal for letting the woman to go back home. The different generation of group female give different answers on the question that woman whether should return to the family. This already manifested the female who grew in the different historical perspective and in the nation-state linguistic environment, regarding the sex, the work, the liberation and between nation-state's relations realized has respectively the different viewpoint, indicate females had multi-dimensional choice right in modern China. Since the 80s the women's liberation, has set the liberation at variance which was took"go out of home"as the attribute and took"the work"as the standard, stressed that taking"the difference equality"as the principle, stressed feminine's coordinated development and independent development, the relationthe of the female and the nation performance is Unification.The third part is the conclusion part, is the seventh chapter. This article thought that the Chinese woman liberation and the modern nation-state's construction is one kind of constitutive paragenesis relations, the two mutually is potency quantity and resources for each other's construction. The woman is always taked as a potency quantitythe for nation-state the construction, but nation-state in construction process, is also advancing the woman's liberation unceasingly. Moreover, modern China feminine liberation still could not leave the Chinese characteristic socialism nation-state's support, but Chinese characteristic socialism nation-state's construction similar needs modern China feminine's wisdom and strength.