Islamic Extremist Groups In The Middle East After The Cold War Violent Action Research

Since the end of the Cold War, peace and development has become the theme of times. Nevertheless, the various terrorists'violent actions launched by extremist organizations have greatly endangered international community, which composes an important part of non-traditional threat. This dissertation focuses on the Middle East Islamic Organizations, for this region is plagued with frequent extremist actions and various extremist Islamic Organizations, making it one of the most typical"hotbeds"of terrorist forces.From the perspective of sociology, this dissertation, within the framework of global governance, views the Middle East extremist Islamic Organizations as"a social problem in the international community". By making use of holism in sociology, it touches down upon its attributes and dynamics.This dissertation attempts to view the Middle East extremist Islamic behavior as"a complete process of social behavior", which is linked with four factors, i.e. social environment, social interaction, behavior process and actors. Next, it will comprehensively make use of social and social psychological theories of Symbolic Interaction,Social Evolution, Deviant Behavior and Cluster Behavior, and probes their correlations with violent actions as well as the logics behind the four factors.First, the analysis of the social environment. This dissertation divides it into three fields of economic, political and system environments. The conflict between material environment (both external and internal) and conceptualization environment has possibly further marginalized the relatively disadvantaged Middle East Islamic region in the globalization era. This kind of predicament has exerted a gigantic social pressure on part of Muslims in the Middle East, whose dissatisfaction has gradually evolved into infuriation.Second, the analysis of the social interaction. Objectively speaking, the western civilization, represented by the US, has an overwhelming divergence with the Islamic civilizations. In the Post-Cold War era, this kind of divergence is caused by the US intention and capability to dominate the Middle East, the intensified contradiction between the US and Islamic countries in the region, as well as Huntington's theory of"the clash of civilizations".Due to the difference of"cultural symbols"and the lack of"shared knowledge"between the two sides, cultural prejudice, misunderstanding and distortion are inevitable, which have caused hostility culturally. The hostility has deepened the sense of humiliation and infuriation among the Middle East Muslims.Third, the analysis of the behavior process. Judging by the theories of socialization and the cultural aspect of Deviant Behavior, the violent actions of the Middle East extremist actions launched by some Islamic Organizations, is a kind of response to external social pressure and cultural hostility consciously and unconsciously. From the angle of the Muslim individuals, there are two aspects of external factor and internal cultural factor. On the one hand, the leaders of some extreme organizations deliberately set up an atmosphere, and one-sidely quote the Koran and the al-Hadith and their out-of-dated interpretation of the holy war. The"socialized"Muslims are lured to argue that their relative backwardness and marginalization result from the US, Israel and the Middle East secular governments. On the other hand, educated in such a setting, these Muslims will blindly internalize these concepts in order to legitimize their"martyrdom"and violent actions against the innocent, which, they are convinced, are in conformity with law.Fourth, the analysis of the actors. The Middle East Islamic Organizations are non-governmental organizations, and they belong to social organizations. Their action is obviously characterized by deviant and cluster behavior. Consequently, they tend to be radical, extreme and violent.The above-mentioned four factors can be illustrated with the following diagram:The Middle East Extremist Islamic Organizations resort to violent action, for in the process of globalization and modernization, the Middle East Islamic region becomes the primary target of the US and also the object of western transformation. Consequently, these Muslims are encountered with various pressures in different interest conflicts, and can neither see the hope of their national economic and social development, nor can they tolerate their governments'compromise to the US-led western countries. Their dissatisfaction and infuriation are accumulating. Induced by certain"totalitarianist", some Muslims are convinced that the external forces should be responsible for their marginalization and their disadvantaged status. Educated by the"totalitarianist", some disappointed and infuriated Muslims resort to violence in the name of Islamic Law and"Holy War". They always, by means of suicide attack and other violence forms, take various risks, retaliate and deter their"targets", namely, the western countries headed by the US, Israel and the Secular pro-US countries in the Middle East as well as civilians, in order to reveal their dissatisfaction, disappointment and infuriation psychologically, realizing martyrdom and achieving eternal happiness.Based on the reinterpretation of various texts, data, survey and cases, this dissertation attempts to combine logic analysis and empirical studies and strives to draw a conclusion. It adheres to the principle of dialectical materialism, it particularly argues that Conceptualization has a countermeasure to Matter in the interaction, and it expects that academia will attach greater importance to regimes, norms, core values and other cultural content and means.