Wenzhou, Off Two Entrepreneurial Tendencies,

The regional economies have been turning more unbalanced during the decades of opening policy in China. It is one of the important issues to find the reasons accounting for the unbalanced regional economies. Many researchers have found that the extent of entrepreneurial activities is the important factor accounting for the economic development. However, further studies on the diversity of entrepreneurial behavior and mind have revealed that the ultimate reason always turns out to be the cultural difference among the regions whether a researcher deals with such an issue from the view of sociology, economics or management.Many people of the academic circle agree that it is a logic path that culture drives entrepreneurial activities and entrepreneurial activities further promote the economy. However, the culture is not homogeneous around China. Many researches have found that there exist regional cultural differences in China. How to reveal the cultural ground of entrepreneurial activities has become a focal point relating to cross-regional management and cross-regional venturing. But the research on such an area isn't enough up to date. And there are more need to have a good knowledge about it. Taking the limitations of former researches and the demand of reality into account, this paper aims to reveal the differences of entrepreneurial orientation from a cultural view and the differences of the cultures behind the entrepreneurial activities.Based on the theory of the compromise of the open society and the closed society, this paper selects two typical regions in China, Wenzhou and Guanzhong and tries to have a deeper study on the differences of entrepreneurial orientation from a cultural view. Meanwhile this paper tries to reveal the strength of entrepreneurial orientation of each region.Following the former researches, this paper tries to find a structure of culture dimensions and entrepreneurial orientation dimensions and arranges the study plan. What this paper focused on and found out are as following. (1) Comparing the cultural dimensions in Wenzhou with that in GuanzhongAfter reviewing of the literature of cultural dimensions, this part selected five dimensions of culture, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, collectivism/individualism, masculinity/femininity and achievement/ascription orientation, which were put forward by Hofstede (1980a) and Trompenaars (1993), as the cultural dimensions. Then the paper compared the cultural dimensions between Wenzhou and Guanzhong.The results showed that the Wenzhouness got more collectivism, more uncertainty avoidance, and more ascription orientation than Guanzhongness. Further test on thedifferences of traditional manifestations revealed that there exists stronger clan orientation in Wenzhou than that in Guanzhong. As to the tradition of doing business, the Wenzhouness valued the tradition more than Guanzhongness. Such conclusions about traditional manifestations are good fit to the conclusions about the cultural dimensions in the tow regions.Based on the conclusions above and in line with the review of the characteristics of the open society and closed society, the author infers that Wenzhou is belong to the closed society and Guanzhong is the reverse.(2) The relationship of culture and entrepreneurial orientationAfter giving a review of entrepreneur theory, this paper selected four characters of entrepreneurs, innovativeness, internal locus of control, proactiveness and hardworking orientation, as the entrepreneurial orientation dimensions among numerous dimensions of the characters of entrepreneurs. And it adopted the definition of entrepreneurial orientation named two-factor combined entrepreneurial orientation, combined of innovativeness and internal locus of control, which Muller & Thomas (2000) put forward in the former research. Further more this paper defined the four-factor combined entrepreneurial orientation, which is combined with the four dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation mentioned above. Then the paper put forward some hypothesis about the relation...