| In the recent 20 years, the impacts of tourism, especially domestic tourism, on the rural areas and farmers is constantly being enlarged. Tourism has been the new industry in rural areas. But the related researches are very little. The basic question of how many income and employment opportunities have been gained by rural areas and farmers cannot be answered by tourism statistical data and related research. On the basis of surveying rural tourism development in China, this paper explores the income allocation between the urban and rural and between the residents of urban and rural by using three methods. And then taking it as the cut-in point, the tourism impacts on rural areas and farmers in China have been studied from macro-micro level. At last, this paper explores the public policies of how tourism can improve rural development. This paper is empirical, consisting of six parts.As a preface, part one starts with the research purpose. The development of tourism in China has been described at national and urban-rural level first. And the importance of tourism to rural development has been illustrated. Then the meaning of paper, the research structure, the main research methods and main results have been explained.In the second part, a summary of rural tourism development in China is given from four aspects, i.e., poverty alleviation, sightseeing agriculture, rural tour and tour town.The third part is about research methodologies'and data processing. The methodologies of experts consultation, added value ratio and I-O table, have been used to study the allocation of tourism revenue between urban-rural region and between urban-rural residents. The result shows that the share of domestic tourism revenue for rural areas and farmers is 21.5% and 11.6%, respectively. Added value ratio of tourism is 50%. Tourism added value ratio of rural areas and farmers is 59%, respectively being 57%^ 63% and 66% from east to west. Tourism added value ratio of farmers is 62%, respectively being 60% ^ 66% and 69% from east to west. The added value of domestic tourism gained by rural areas and farmers have been calculated with related parameters. The employment multiplier and income multiplier are still calculated according to a case study in part five and added-value data in this chapter.In the fourth part, basing on the statistical data that have been adjusted, the regional change of tourism impact on rural areas and farmers among eastern, central and western regions, and the general features of tourism are analyzed. From the point of added value, the contribution difference of regional tourism revenue gained by farmers has been compared. Western tourism has been further analyzed.In the fifth part, 5 case studies are finished at county and township level. The purpose is: confirming the basic conclusions got from part three and four, further exploring the characteristics of benefit situation of rural areas and farmers, and suitable development patterns of tourism in rural areas.PRA and focus investigation method have been used to estimate the income and job opportunities got by farmers from tourism. By exploring the entering threshold of farmers into tourism, the result of the relationship between job opportunities and labor abilities has been confirmed. The main successful experiences have been summarized.The last part is the evaluation of public policies in rural tourism development. The main conclusion is as follows. The domestic tourism in rural China is basically induced by the market demand. But the government promotion is also important. The government's roles mainly focus on three aspects. (1) Creating the circumstances of equal competition for tourism enterprises. (2) Protecting the property right of tourism operators by laws. (3) Providing with public good. The policy implications of this research are as follows: (1) The development of tourism needs government to enhance and improve tourism management but it is not suitable for government to become the main body of operating tourism. (2) The ways of attract... |
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