| Drawing on China Statistical Yearbook on Science and Technology (1990-1999),this dissertation,from the view of differences among industries in technical innovation and its efficiency,probes into the characteristics of technical progress in China industry 1990s,and makes some suggestions to promote technical progress,enhance innovation efficiency and finally to upgrade industrial structure.The paper is made up of three parts. Part one,including introduction,chapter 1,2 and 3,is concerned with basic theory and approach. Chapter 1 discusses definition and nature of innovation,and reviews literatures about technical innovation and its efficiency. How to comment and choose index to measure technical innovation was the main content of chapter 2. Moreover,chapter 2 also reveals what kinds of industries are more robust in technical actions. Based on revealed comparative advantage index,chapter 3 puts forward a new index to evaluate differences among industries in innovation efficiency:revealed comparative innovation efficiency index of industry (IRCIE),with which we examine the differences of China industry in innovation efficiency. As a result,we find a tendency that difference of innovation efficiency among industries 1990s has been reducing.Part two consists of chapters 4 to 7,which mostly emphasize empirical analysis on technical innovation and its efficiency. Chapter 4 researches the relationships between technical innovation and its efficiency,and considers what impacts technical innovation has on industry development. The factors to change technical innovation and its efficiency are discussed from chapter 5 to 7. Chapter 5 discusses two kinds of learning in both knowledge creation and technical innovation:learning inward and learning outward of firm,and concludes there is a large gap between China and foreign countries in knowledge density of industries. For Chinese industries,learning outward of firms have more significant effects on IRCIE than learning inward of ones. To a great extent,those industries which IRCIE are high depend on technical knowledge outside of firms,on the other hand,ones based on learning inward are low in IRCIE. Chapter 6,from the view of industry evolution,discusses what kinds ofmarket structure could be beneficial to IRC IE,and tests whether it is effective on Schumpeterian Hypothesis in Chinese industries. We draw a conclusion that competitive market structure measured by concentration ratio of four or eight firms tends to enhance IRCIE of industries during China 1990s. Because market structure of industry in China is determined by many factors besides concentration,it is not easy to judge the relationships between structure and innovation. Institutional conditions,as one of important factors,could not directly reflect how they affect technological innovation and its efficiency. Chapter 7 provides a method to analyze the influences of institutional factors on innovation and IRCIE,and chooses financing structure of innovation,openness and firm system,etc. as representative system conditions. In China there are three main sorts of sources of financing for innovation of large and medium-sized enterprises:government funds,enterprises funds and bank funds. Our findings show that sources of financing for innovation run differently,though both government funds and bank funds have negative effects on IRCIE,it is only bank funds that significantly influence on IRCIE. On the other hand,enterprise funds have not significantly positive effect on IRCIE. In the term of openness,the higher gross output value of joint ventures as a percent of total in industry is,the higher IRCIE of industry is. As a whole,the IRCIE of joint ventures is much higher than one of state-owned enterprise. As approach of innovation systems has been advocating,if institutional environments were perfect,it should be beneficial to technical innovation and IRCIEPart there,namely chapter 8,the last of the dissertation,discusses how to promote technical innovation,how to enhance innovation efficiency in order to upg...
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