| The paper studied the document and manuscripts on the Mongolian Epic, summarized the Mongolian traditional view of life and death in them. It searched the cues of natural process from production to decease of lives in Mongolian Epic, presented four parts of view of life and death, including view of world, view of life, view of live and view of death. It illustrated the whole vision of Mongolian traditional view of life and death in Mongolian Epic.Firstly, it needs to retrospect past research development. There were three research characters that related to view of life and death in Mongolian Epic.The first thing was great concern of Mongolian traditional culture, religion and live ritual with the deeply study and further research on Mongolian Epic in this community at home and aboard, they were an important content on them in the recent year. And many theses on folk custom and folk literature for master and doctor degree were published. For example, Siqin batoo:Janggar and Mongolian religious culture; Wurigumule:Mongolian and Turk live ritual model; Siqin:Mongolian Epic Janggar and shamanism. These papers supplied beneficial hints on Mongolian view of life and death in religious culture and live ritural of Mongolian Epic.The second thing was that some research papers on Mongolian traditional view of life and death were come out. It included that meihua: statement of Buddhism view of life on green neck bird biography; Biligongdalai:understand life by the prologue of Janggar; Wangjie: Talking about view of life and death on Janggar. The above-mentioned papers were based on literature and concluded some individual literature that expressed the Mongolian view of life and death. Although their research works were limited to several literary outout, they provided valuable reference on view of life and death in Mongolian Epic.The third thing was that there is not deeply and systematically study of Mongolian traditional view of life and death according to the recent reference, it has no clear picture of it.Secondly, it was introduced a new research method that was document research method to collect and analyze the Mongolian Epic materials, and connected the material related to view of life and death in epic with the Mongolian ceremonies and religion and folk custom, adopted some methodology of the culture anthropology and traditional philosophy of life and death, established the system of Mongolian traditional view of life and death in epic.The first chapter was the formation of world and life in Mongolian Epic. It divided into two subchapters to discuss the concept of formation of world and origin of life, and summed up the Mongolian view of world and life in epic. The idea of formation of world was mainly based on the description of time and space in the beginning of Mongolian Epic. It has there subsections that are the world of paradise,darkness kingdom and Demon Manggus that coexisted, the different living environment that borne with and the power of undefeated hero, and completely analyzed the relationship of environment of growth and living, human's life and the power of life in Mongolian Epic. The issues about the origin of life and the importance of life in Mongolian Epic formed the Mongolian view of life. There were four subjects to explain and analyze the praying and requesting the child, the born of miracle, juvenile hero and abandoned neonate that related to origin of life.The second chapter talked about the symbol of initiation rite and value of life. This chapter studied the Mongolian view of live expressed in Mongolian Epic. At first, it narrated the one year old child got his name, horse and weapons by the heroic saga in Mongolian Epic, it was thought these things originated from Mongolian puberty rite custom. The hero would create own saga with the status of independent social people, and he would be famous and known. It was thought the youth was gold time in the life of human, and they become adult and strong during this time, and was basic condition to establish saga. On Mongolian view of live that was expressed the life value of Mongolian in Epic, it was talked about the ideal personality, the view of reputation, view of hardship and happiness and viewpoint of utility, respectively.The third chapter was discussed about the view of death in Mongolian Epic. There were there parts which were presentation of death, the words and foods of leading to death, and sacrifice in Mongolian Epic. In the first section, it stated the death of Manggus and the death of hero, and resurrection, analyze the Mongolian view of death of human. The death of Manggus meant the disappear of life in Mongolian Epic, while the death of hero was for resurrection, they reflected the Mongolian puberty rite. In the second section, it was discussed the words and foods that caused death. Mongolian believed incantation can bring terrible death by some related ritual. The subject of some food led to the death of hero in Epic come from the history fact that somebody was assassinated in banquet due to the hatred of tribes in ancient Mongolian society. The sacrifice of Mongolian Epic was mentioned in the last section, the oblation were often livestock (mainly horses) or living persons (usually the enemy of hero), so the sacrifice was blood one in Mongolian Epic. It can conclude the Mongolian view to death, the postmortal spirit world and life. The purposes of sacrifice were return and satisfication your desire though sacrifice, sometimes was for child or something in need, other was for the victory of war. It indicats Mongolian believe there is a postmortal spirit world, can communicate with the ancestors by sacrifice, and get bless and charity from another world. According to the method of sacrifice lives, it shows Mongolian believe their ancestors had own hobby and needs, lived similar life on the earth. If the people in the world could correctly communicate with the spirits, it can learn so much and master different skills and wisdoms.It was introduced a new research method to do the document study, try to break the limitation of past studies, and completely and comprehensively analyze and summary the system of view of life in Mongolian Epic... |
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