| Chen Liang, one major representative in the Achievements school Nansong dynasty, played an important role in the development of thinking history in the Song dynasties. His ambition is to governing and benefiting the world and the people, on which centered his choice of value. In view of problesm in Nansong dynasty, he carried out activities to reorganize financial institutions, agribusiness, education, foreign relations and other social aspects. Establish a philosophy of culture and ideology monument.The paper focus on the theme of governing and benefiting the country and the people, this paper attempts to make a deep study of his thoughts in the perspective of political philosophy and cultural philosophy. Main points in the following aspects: Introduction;â… :The Times of Chen Liang and the Development of Confucianism in Song Dynasty;â…¡:His life and Acdemic Pursuit;â…¢:The Philosophical Foundation of his Thought of Governing the country and Benefiting the People;â…£:Political Doctrine and Governmental Doctrine in the Perspective of Take the World as a Whole;â…¤:The Assumption of Reconstruction of Han nation and the ethnic minority in New Culture Self-awareness; VI:Life Wishes of Heroes and the Subject Self-awareness of the Matter achievements Officials; Last remarksThe instruction mainly elaborates on the origin of the topic, literature, thread of thought of this research and the methods.The topic came from one big problem in the development of confucianism:the tension between morality and achivements, which Chen Liang tried to solve.The result is his theory on the unity of morality and achivements, which still bears great learning and historical significance even today. Scholars have made much in-depth study on his thought, and encouraging achievements have been made mainly in three aspects:studies on his papers; comprehensive studies of his thoughts; certain aspect of his thinking. Among these valuable studies, those made by Mu Zongsan and Yu Yingshi are most inspiring to me. Particularly, to Mu Zongsan, Chen Liang actually led a life of a hero; Yu Yingshi proposed the idea of self-awarenss of the subject. Enlightened by the ideas of the two people, I determined the topic of the paper:The Way of Governing and Benefiting the World and the People in the Perspective of Heroes -Chen Liang's Research in Politics, Culture and Philosophy. What must be pointed out is, besides the achievements mentioned above, there are also shortcomings of relevant researches:scholars alike study either the relation between Chen Liang and Yongkang school, or divide his thoughts into several parts. None of them have made organic and deep analysis so far.In view of this, this paper tries to examine Chen Liang's doctrine in governing and benefiting the world and the people in the perspective of viewing history as a river, and delves the spirit of humanity implied in his study of successes and achievements. This paper's research outline is:it attempts to discover Chen Liang's unique view of the world and philosophical concepts formed out of his special experience and personality by combing his study experience and the development of confucianism in Song dynasty. Then it goes on to discuss how he made the choice of governing and benefiting the people and carried out the three unique measures in political and governmental reconstruction, reorganization of Chinese ethnic groups and life value expectations under the guidance of his philosophical concepts. The research methods of this paper include the unity of logic and history, classic explanation, the unity of history and reality. Innovative aims made by this paper are: closely followed his problem awareness, which is caused by demerits in Nansong dynasty, or the whole world awareness, Chinese nationality and minority awareness, officials'subject awareness, this paper clearly points out the efforts made by him in his social life field in three aspects:the reconsolidation of political and governmental doctrine order; the self-awareness of national culture; the heroic pursuit of ideal personality.The first part combs the background of Chen Liang's times and the development of confucianism in Song dynasty, briefly mentions the plight of the poor and weak Song dynasty. This plight first finds expression in the continously poor and weak economic power, and then in foreign relations, the state policy of emphsizing civilian pursuit and neglecting military power, continously weak national and military strengthes, inability in resisting the invasion of minorities, which results the confrontation of ethnic regime and Zhaosong regime. The reality under social crisis exerts great influence on the formation of Chen Liang's thoughts. In academic field, the paper first reviews the development of confucianism in pre-Qin dynasty, Han and Tang dynasties, and combs the development of confucianism in Song dynasty. It points out that in the early time of Song dynasty, confucians bore new self-awareness in new times. To some of them, the general confucian classic works in Han dynasty only focuses on the surface of classic works, thus concealing the deep meaning of some apparantly simple words. They stressed the spirit in classic works, thus demonstrating the achievements of introvert saints. While others, represented by Li Gou and Wang Anshi, advocated making achievements and carrying out social reform. The practical atmosphere in the development of confucianism also influenced Chen Liang's thoughts. Doctrine experts hold that Wang Anshi had some shortcomings in introvert saint areas, thus seminating the road of governing through morality, which is obtained from the primitive land and efforts of cultivation. When Chen Liang found out that mind cultivation can do no good to the solution of actual plight, he turned to advocate achievements and successes. Both Chen Liang and doctrine experts have the same purposes in saving the world.The second part reveals the unique experience and study history of ChenLiang,which pay attention to why he turned to matter achievements after ten years of study on Taoism.First, I points out several died precedent of Chen, who affect their ambition and mission. Secondly, in the enlightenment education. He didn't have too much classic education like others.His grandfather taught him most of the books to study the ways of war and generation history.His own preferences is the beginning and dying of every country,so he didn't have a formal academic path. His early thoughts are not affected by any study of Xin and Xing, so his tought of life value is not too much.This determines he will save the country from the process of the reality of life,which later determines his criticiztion on the study of Lin and focus on matter achievements.Third, young period of discussion of the world and hero. The thought of this period mainly poured in the book of Discussion on the ancient.The book talked a lot of ways of war and how to gain. Based on the admiring of the people of the period of San Guo, ChenLiang established a hero of ideal personality. In his view, the hero must not only have great wisdom, should have a heart of righteousness. Fourth, the study of ralationships of heavon and human, training professional qualification, In all, he doubted dilemma insufficient knowledge, so start to study lots of books. in the theory that countries can He doubted neo-confucianism can make the country prosperous, while he agreed on it. Therefore, heturned to how to make the country rich and the soldiers strong. Fifth, throught matter achievement to save survival.His matter achievement showed fully in this phase He launched 10 years with zhu xi's argument, gradually established successes. In the letter of, ChenLiang detailed analysis of the national situation, which reveals the consciousness of consciousness. His argument with temperament and the surrounding the vital-qi Chinese ethnic minorities, and that the difference between Chinese, the key to restore unity is to restore the peripheral minority ethnic culture, the Chinese classic culture, established in recovery of ethnic culture consciousness.The third part probes into the philosophical foundation of ChenLiang. This foundation mainly has:the ontological domain theory of Dao and Qi, The reality of life in the field of justice, Specific to the cause of Wang and Ba in political fields, Three generations of music and trace "discovery" theme,the choose to matter achievement. First, the discussion on Dao and Qi. ChenLiang against experts of Xin and Xing on the division of the world with the form below.He thought tao and Qi was a unity between inseparable.There is not a form of natural-principles in the world. He payed more attention to improve people's quality of life and how to rich countries and so on. Second, the justice. Pointed out the way to implement ontology is the reality life for justice. This view displayed through the different understanding of ChenLiang and zhu on virtue and matter. ChenLiang advocate righteousness with the same. In view of merit, zhu xi's thought is of the spirit and of natural-principles in body,which is the great virtue foundations of benevolent achievement. ChenLiang advocates unity merit. The so-called cultivation is pure life which come from central to their generation, the power of social life is encountered. Virtue is the achievement of rich country and strong soldiers. Third, the Wang and Ba. Points out that although ChenLiang thought the way of WANG benevolent to people, but in matter successes and rich county and strong soldiers is weak. So he advocated for based on WangDao with BaDao to full it. Fourth, discusses the two aspects of LI and music,If ZhuXi focus on humanities spirit, then ChenLiang are focusing on the form below. He believes that only through the form of real life,we can ascend. Based on the field of Li,ZhuXi thought first should have the moral cultivation to stand up for moral accomplishment. Fifth, the choose of matter achievements. ChenLiang reveals main through brand-new understanding of the classic "Yi", thus establishing the choose of matter achievements. He made the position of Yi higer than four books and Chunqiu, adheringhe classic object-oriented asoects of yi,and develop real facts of the study of matter achievements.The fourth part, under the whole world consciousness of Political Doctrine and Governmental Doctrine.Attempts to reveal chenliang's relects of about the Political Doctrine and Governmental Doctrine that under way for consciousness of the whole world,and rebuild social order. A total of four points. First, the whole world ChenLiang's consciousness, points out the self-conscious consciousness is based on the heavens,the earth,people and oject. one thing is closely related to each other, and are interconnected as a organic whole consciousness. The consciousness of the political, cultural, economic and other fields, and all reflect a nation's sense of the bear. The world is ChenLiang covers the consciousness of three aspects. Second, the theory of Political Doctrine, think of ways of thinking in politics, ChenLiang hope to achieve the right belongs to the people, not things belong to monarch. herefore, he tried to through reforming the sequence to the order between the king and the minister. Third, Governmental Doctrine,, points out that the three generations's ideal principles of governance which ChenLiang yearning, that have honor and kindness. He thinks the led to treatment by moral and educational influence, prince should abide by way of ruling prince-prince and teacher principle. The prince is to ensure the national people's life order and stability, and so is the advocate customs, be worth to consciously setters. Fourth, the government and the sequence of governance, mainly includes reconstruction measures to improve the quality of real life and promote the spirit of the culture grade. In ChenLiang, especially focuses of human existence, led only settle reality of life, namely, the existing problems of the spiritual life can improve.The fifth part of the culture, whose consciously reconstruct the order of ethnic minority and Han nation. Put out the evolution of traditional ethnic minority and Han nation consciousness, and the changing consciousness ChenLiang how in culture consciousness from the the order of ethnic minority and Han nation restructuring. A total of two points. First, the transformation of the traditional, briefly discusses the ethnic minority and Han nation consciousness, this part of the process of starting point is to analyze ethnic relations, though not yet but foothold disputes between national attention, but concerns of national assimilation and fusion, the outline of the traditional ethnic minority and Han nation consciousness changing track. In complicated ethnic relations, the deep foundation, consciousness, but not conflict with the confrontation between ethnic harmony and peace. Second, the order of the reconstruction,points out that Chen Liang has a location about ethnic culture and han culture. He hopes the recognition of han culture, protects the vantage ground of the han culture. thus to play advantage of cultural value from members presents leading role. To support and guide the culture, to promote peace between each other. The culture of the different understanding also reflects its different cultural consciousness. Points out the cultural consciousness embodied in zhu xi's self-cultivation,ChenLiang'sthe cultural consciousness embodied in the accomplishmentc of Matter achievements.The sixth part, the hero with reality life hope and the scholar's subject consciousness.To expounds the connotation of the hero who Chen Liang's expectations and complex personality type and consciousness of the subjective consciousness that belong to achievements and successes. A total of two points. First, the "heroes and sages", mainly discusses the connotation of the hero with saint and solon. In Chen Liang seems that to be a hero who must have the virtue of kindheartedness., noble character and moral integrity, surpassing wisdom, unrivalled power, cherished the whole wrold. Heroes are not bound by the proprieties, they didn't exist in this valuable process, face the real crisis, weakden moral. Zhu xi's hthought is that the hero of putting the hearts straight and sincerity which are existed labor. Second, the cultivation of the subjective consciousness of scholar class who belong to achievements and successes class.points out Chen Liang including the subjective consciousness of scholar class, then the subject consciousness, think this consciousness is mainly manifested in "as a regal teacher"and "human teacher" and the consciousness of the monarch co-govermnet political consciousness. The scholar class want to change current chaotic social order, cultural order, construct an ideal world order. Just Chen Liang's subject consciousness different from the neo-confucianism. To restore a refleclted in the confucian orthodoxy, a real facts in the accomplishments. Represents the song dynasty and the class two philistines. One who belongs to saint and solon another is an achievements and successes type. But both of them proceeds from saving the national culture, thus are self-conscious introspection unconsciously go the same way.More than view of part, through contrastting the thoughts of governning and benefittig the people of Chu Hsi and ChenLiang, points out the neo-confucianism Focusing on the long term life interest, and ChenLiang focus on current reality life, both has important history significance. ChenLiang doctrine of Ming and qing dynasty enlightenment thoughts and governning common studies also has profound significance. Discusses the concept of his ethnic minority and Han nation consciousness of which have important influence, such as historical consciousness, which have been incorporated into the new context, and a whole new meaning.At the end of the political and culture philosophy attached ChenLiang's review of research on this study, also be thinking process is collected the academic research achievements on a record and mark of digestive summary.
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