Qing Dynasty The Division Chief Of Research

Liang Si system beginning in the Ming Dynasty, meantime for the Minister of Finance, according to, the San Si stands like a tripod, is in charge of the administration, the judicature, military administration business. Is in charge of the area south of Yellow River after clear, what implements clearly continues the dynasty rule system, in local administration business's processing, under Liang Si deck imperial inspector opens the circuit intendant, and a main pipe province administration, judicial business, its duties and the administrative relations' evolution, is following the entire historic course which Qing Dynasty develops.In the establishment evolution, the Qing Dynasty has cancelled the right provincial adminstrative commissioner, a province supposes a provincial adminstrative commissioner to manage this province civil administration, financial business, the surveillance commissioner follows the Ming Dynasty basically in the establishment, each province supposes one, manages a province judicature business.On the duties, the provincial adminstrative commissioner, is in charge of a province administration and judicial business according to Minister of Finance and Minister, and undertakes a province inspection to make agent by appointment business together and so on official business, military supplies, imperial civil service examination. It in each historical period, because faces the social environment is different, its duties are dissimilar. Restores along the shun and Kang time for Qing Dynasty with the development time, this time, the provincial adminstrative commissioner main duties for the stable popular sentiment, encourage to produce, the surveillance commissioner primary cognizance cleans up the place long-pending case, to check business and so on place robbers and bandits. Between Yong Gannian, the social situation stabilizes gradually, Ministry of Finance and Ministry of justice mainly handle each one this, no matter what business. The fine road falls, enters "the fading world" Qing Dynasty, is also facing the impact which the dynasty last years the farmer greatly revolts, met with "three millenniums because of the Western big powers' invasion not to have the change in situation", the Qing Dynasty rules moves toward the deterioration. When is, because the green-standard troops collapse at the first blow, outside difficult to resist the Western big powers the invasion, the internal calamity anti-take the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom as head's farmer movement, the Qing Dynasty life hangs one. The reason is, the Qing government can not but change, adopts the new government policy, assigns the civil official to lead troops to go to battle is one of them. This time, the reality lacks Liang Si Duo to lead troops to fight in one place after another each region, the acting appointment Ministry of Finance and Ministry of justice handle the local administration business. After second Opium War, along with westernization movement's development, Ministry of Finance and Ministry of justice assists the imperial inspector to pick the western learning, the system ocean, to practice the recruit. Ministry of Finance and Ministry of justice even directly concurrently manage this province foreign affairs, the management matters concerned. Specially during the Chinese and foreign negotiation, understands the foreign affairs two departments, in handled signing, to exchange notes in the matters concerned to play the vital role. When end of the Qing reform, the Qing government reforms according to the Western separation of powers's thought to the local administration system, two departments in this time its duties further refinement.For can maintain the place rule effectively, the Qing government in the place business's treating processes, at the right moment has adjusted Ministry of Finance and Ministry of justice between Yu the imperial inspector, circuit intendant's duties, causes its interdependence, to restrict mutually and cooperates mutually at government affairs' processing, guarantees the local administration system's order movement.As a result of the end of the Qing special society situation, the magistrate appointed the policy also to have the change, two departments took the provincial level important chief executive, its performance outstandingly, the place really lacked two departments to lead troops to go to battle, causes the place acting appointment official's function to relief gradually comes out.In summary, Liang Si are the Qing Dynasty centralization system's intermediate stratas, is also the middle link which the central authority can realize. Liang Si's existences, not only has divided imperial inspector's authority, moreover strengthened emperor to imperial inspector's positive governing. At the same time, Liang Si in latter Qing dynasty political situation to aspect and so on foreign affairs, diplomacy and military participation, caused it with modern politics, the economy, the culture to have many contacting, thus to latter Qing dynasty administration aspects and so on system's evolution and social change has had various influence.