Marxism And The Vicissitude Of Chinese Rural Culture During The First Half Of The Twentieth Century

Chinese culture is an everlasting and often fresh thesis. It is meaningful to study it in theory and practice. China suffers a tremendous change after 1840, the rural culture is under the Western civilization serious impact, causing the cultural crisis. The spread of Marxism generates Chinese culture from passive to active, the ancient traditional becomes vigourous. In the process of Marxism becoming Chinese, Marxism combines Chinese practice in revolution, together with its traditional culture, bringing a lot of fresh epoch traits. The Communist Party of China take the Marxism as the guiding principle weapon, passing the new democratic culture to the lowest level of the society, cleansing the feudal culture ideas, integrating the culture, providing the rural areas with the new conditions of politics, economy and thought. All these cause value idea, the psychology, the thought, the behavior way of the social members to transform from the tradition to the modern age, and realizes the cultural remoulding. This dissertation supposes to explore the relation of the historical course of Chinese Marxism influencing and the Chinese rural culture.The dissertation concludes three parts: introduction, main text, and conclusion. Introduction mainly covers the basis of the topical choice, the present research, the significance of the study in theory and practice, and at last explains the research method, the emphasis and difficulties.Chapter One introduces as a whole the cultural theory : the cultural vicissitude, the cultural clash and the fusion, the cultural function, It also introduces Marx' s , Lenin' s and the Chinese Communist Party' s elaboration on culture. thus scientifically grasps the cultural reason of the vicissitude of the change of the modern Chinese rural culture.Chapter Two illustrates the inevitability of the Chinese people to choose the Marxism. The transformation of the Chinese rural culture is realized through the Chinese Communist Party.Chapter Three elaborates the contents and the characteristics of the cultural reconstruction in Chinese Soviet areas. It mainly discusses the culture and education development, the democracy construction, the women' s liberation, the ideological political work of the peasants in Chinese Soviet areas. Through cultural reconstruction, the Chinese Communist Party broke the situation that only the landlord class has literacy, wheras, the peasants' class does not have.Chapter Four discusses the cultural reconstruction contents and the characteristics in the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border Region , and the North China anti-Japanese base. It elaborates the culture and education development, the democracy and the political construction at the grassroots levels, the ideas and actions of the women liberation, the peasant' s ideological and political education. The new democracy culture is correct direction of the Chinese culture development.Chapter Five discusses the contents of the cultural reconstruction and the characteristics in the north liberated areas during the war of liberation period: the cadre education, the mass education, the peasant's ideological and political education, and the construction of the organizitons of the Party branches in newly-liberated rural areas. Through discussion, Chapter Five proves the rightness of the new democracy culture.The sixth chapter elaborates the effects of Marxism on the Chinese rural cultural reconstruction: the rural political and cultural vicissitude, the reform of the traditional peasants, the change of old habits and customs, the correct social cultural structure localization and the historical localization, and the realization of the Cultural consciousnesses.Chapter Seven discusses the enlightenment of the cultural reconstruction led by the Chinese Communist Party. Through the comparison of the attempt of the different groups to transform the rural culture, we draw the conclusion that the rural cultural reconstruction must insist on the guide of Marxism.The conclusion part elaborates the importance of the rural cultural reconstruction, and proposes the paths of the rural cultural reconstruction.