The Impacts Of Culture On Technology Innovation And Its Policy In China

This paper discusses the functions of in the technology innovation and its policy in China, and the modificatory mechanisms of technology innovation and its policy to cultural traditions by the methods of multi-viewing angles and multidisciplinary comprehensive analysis. The aims of the paper is to solve the cultural puzzledoms in the course of technology innovation and in the formulation and implement of technology innovation policy, and to impulse the technology innovation, and to promote ulteriorly the economic development and uplift in China.This paper analyses in the first instance the basic conceptions of cultural traditions, social capital, technology innovation, technology innovation policy and more, and compares the cultures between China and Western World, and reviews the endogenous process from classical economics to new institutional economics, and probes into the idiographic mechanism of the influence of culture to technology innovation through the intermediary of social capital, and analyzes and appraises the impact of cultural traditions upon the technology innovation policy in the round, and discourses upon the nucleus-status of the cultural traditions in the technology innovation policy, and discusses the dualism of the impact of cultural traditions upon the technology innovation policy in China by the theories of new institutional economics, culturology, policy science, game theory, systematology and philosophy and so on. From the short-term angle, the cultural traditions may be regarded as a constant and it decides the technology innovation policy in China. From the long-term angle, the technology innovation policy may counteract the cultural traditions, and then changes it to the direction of close-economy (namely non-economy but not anti-economy) in China. The author thinks that some cultural traditions have positive impacts on technology innovation policy (as the theory that human nature is friendly, collectivism, the theory that man is an integral part of nature, and take things as they come and more ); and that some cultural traditions have negative impacts on technology innovation policy (as officialdom standard, rank idea, particularism, the sense that to attach importance to justice and to despise benefit, feminine culture and egalitarianism and so on ); and that some cultural traditions are neutral yet, that is to say that these one are favorable to the implement of technology innovation policy if correlative institution designs are rational, and that these one make against the implement of technology innovation policy if correlative institution designs are irrational in China. Furthermore, this paper probes into the relations among technology innovation, technology innovation policy and culture. With this understanding, the paper discusses the impact of some technology innovation policy (as venture capital policy, intellectual property protection policy, science and technology tax policy, government procurement policy and others) upon technology innovation, and the impact of cultural traditions upon different kinds of technology innovation policy in China.The innovations of this paper have following several points. Firstly, the paper teases by the numbers and defines anew the concept of social capital, and considers social capital has an internal structure. The surface layer of social capital is objective substance (such as the network about social relations). The inner layer of social capital is subjective spirit (such as trust, cooperation, and reciprocity and others). The core layer of social capital is the culture as spirit layer, namely concept of values. On this condition, the paper probes into the impacts cultural traditions on social capital, and interprets why the conclusions that the western scholars put forward about social capital not always fit to China. Secondly, this paper analyses the subject and object of technology innovation and its policy, and probes into the interactional relationship between technology innovation and technology innovation policy. Thirdly, the paper discusses the endogen impacts of culture on technology innovation. The paper arguments some cultures are entophytic variant in the economic system or technology innovation activity like science, technology and institution. Fourthly, the paper probes into the immanent impacts of culture on technology innovation policy. In general, the policy is a sort of politics or political measure, and that the politics may be separated into the regime forms, superstructure, social ideology, value and more. Wherefore, the social mainstream culture itself is namely the part or core of politics, and it should certainly be the core of technology innovation policy, too. In this way, it is involuntary that the culture becomes the immanent influencing factor;Furthermore, the impacts of culture on technology innovation are actually the impacts of internal institutions on external institutions. According to the viewpoint of new institution economics, the impacts should be foundational for external institutions must be established on the foundation of internal institutions. Fifthly, the paper puts forward the viewpoint of that the impacts of cultural traditions upon the technology innovation policy in China have dualism. Under a certain number of situations, sorts of same cultural traditions have the positive impacts as well as the negative impacts upon the technology innovation policy in China. Some cultures are predominance as well as disadvantage. These purport we must make the best use of the circumstances, and exert our cultural predominance, and overcome our cultural disadvantage when we constitute and actualize the technology innovation policy in China.In a word, the cultural traditions play a nonnegligible, nonreplaceable and important role in the technology innovation activity and the formulation and actualization of technology innovation policy. We must consider the idiographic condition of nation, history and culture in China when we constitute, actualize and appraise the technology innovation policy. The cultural change is not only necessary but possible; the technology innovation policy and its correlative mating policies may accelerate or control the cultural traditions to change toward the cultural concept of the close-economy in China.