The Study On The Problems Of Marriage In The North Dynasty

A Study systematicly on the problems of marriage will be a important angle to observate history in North Dynasty.In this paper,we Discussed the marriage relationship about relevant sectors and the reasons for the formation of such a relationship in the main line of the marriage of relevant sectors.Further we analysised the Relations between Hu-Han marriage and imperial power in North Dynasty.In additiont,we discuss appropriately the status of wife and concubine as well as ethical issues such as marriage and so on in the North Dynasty.This thesis consists of eight sections.In chapter 1,we introduced the social factors that produced a great impact on marriage on the basis of the social development in the North Dynasty.These factors were mainly embodied in two aspects:First,The traditional etiquette destructed by war always hadn't been recoved fully since Five Hu random China in the North Dynasty.In this condition,the marriage showing a diversity of forms which dated from the fifth marriage and the lack of an effective system of etiquette bound.Second,the society of the North Dynasty developed with twists and turns mainly due to ruled by minority.Minority and Han national had been gap in the social development,so that the marriage of Hu and Han national,was their own appearance.Blend with each other during the collision,the marriage of minority and Han national narrowed the gap,which was the general trend of development of marriage in North Dynasty.However,this trend was not smooth because of the change of regime.This ups and downs Had a geat impact on marriage in North Dynasty.In chapter 2,we focused on the marital relationship between the Royal in Northern Dynasties.The royal family mainly married to the minority,of which eight name of Xianbei勋臣were very important objects in North Wei,Easte Wei and Weste Wei Dynasty.HU Han-marriage has become the mainstream of the royal marriage due to the impact of Chinese policy after Xiaowen Emperor.In this period Han people had become the main targets of the royal marriage.After sub-Wei, Yuanshi was still nominally the royal family,but it was the client to Gao and Yuwen, their marriage also reflects Gao,Yuwen will,so the object of marriage was one of the few multi-ethnic.The North Wei Royal marriage's objets from Hu turned tohan and then form Han turned to Hu,the stages of change of the Yuan Wei Royal marriage greatly influenced by the politic.Although The Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasty separated of East and West,the royal family were great similarity in the objects of marriage.In particular,they married to both Yuanshi,six town aristocrats the Han,as well as outside mixed,of which six towns and foreign nobles and outside were more important.The former were important basis of political power for the Gao and Yuwen.The latter were in order to reduce the threat of external forces.It could be seen the marriage of royal rulers was still an important tool for political activities in the North Qi and Nort Zhou Dynasty.In Chapter 3,we mainly discussed the minority of non-imperial clan of aristocratic marriage.These aristocratic minority mainly were Xianbei Toquz and eight clan name lan Toquz in the Northern Wei and.In the Easte Wei,Northem Qi and Weste Wei,Northern Zhou,Xianbei nobles of six towns were main.In the North Wei Dynasty,the royal clan Tuoba Toquz with blood,marriage to them was Prohibited,so the marriage cases was mainly targeted at the rich and the powerful minority outside, followed the Han.In addition to the names of eight勋臣with the priority of the royal marriage,they also marriaged to other minority and Han national.The clan name Toquz and勋臣eight marriaged with the Hart mainly in the Frederick Empress and Xiaowen Emperor period,with the extent of Chinese emerge gradually deepened in the North Wei Dynasty.The Xianbei nobles of the six towns based by Gao And Yuwen power in addition to maintain marrital relationship with Gao And Yuwen,they married more powerful minority,while the Han national was relatively small.Because of the Xianbei nobles of six-towns had deep gap with the Han,the two sides were lack of cultural basis to marry.In Chapter 4,we analyzed intermarriage relations between,the Han Chinese and the evolution about the status of marriage in the North Dynasty.The Han great families intermarriage were still abide by family status inherited the tradition,therefor they intermarriaged generally in the same level of family status,which was the most fundamental characteristics of the Northern Han Chinese intermarriage.By complementary between typical marriage of the sort,we could see the intermarriage between the Han Chinese ethnic look in the geographical distribution of the main geographical more nearly in the marriage from time to time there were short,the object in both marriages fixed side and wide side.Based on this,the Northern Han Chinese,although in each other,when marriage in general was still limited to the family status,but the marriage士庶Southern than the Eastern Jin Dynasty more serious.This was mainly decided by the social environment and the political status in which the Northern Han lived.In Chapter 5,we mainly discussed the relations between Hu-han marriage and the imperial power in the North Dynasty.The early of the North Wei Dynasty,the Han was less marriaged to North Wei imperial clan.This was not the result Han didn't would marriage to Hu ethnic,but the nobles TuoBaXianBei political patterns and less Chinese were the main reason.Even in the Wu Hu and 16 countries period,there were cases the large Han had marriaged to minority ethnic nobles.Because the family interests of the large Han family was the most important,and cultural identity was in the Second.in a family under the rule of Hu.from Emperor Xiaowen period,as the beginning Tuoba rulers began to attach the Han peoples important role of the large while the Northern Wei imperial Chinese to the extent of strengthening and deepening.In this Chinese situation,Hu rulers initiatived to marriage with the large Han family,and the Han also actively meet the links Han Han has also been,so marry HU Han began the process in the Hu rulers.By this way Hu-Han intermarriage began its process in Northern Wei.The North Qi and the North Zhou Dynasty,although there were the twists and turns in this process,it is still inherited.Finally,the Hu regime was finally replaced by Han family relatives,and to a certain extent could be seen the indirect consequences of Hu-Han intermarriage.In Chapter 6,we focused on marrige of grass-roots people in the North Dynasty.Grass-roots can be divided into two:the civilian population and the untouchables.The main implementation of the civilian population was monogamy, and their marriage ceremony carried out through six links.Late marriage and no marriage of civilian clan were more serious with the impact of the social environment in the Northern Dynasties.At the same time inter-ethnic marriages and marriages between-different places phenomenons of the civilian clan should be more.The marriage of people.who attached others were more restricted by their master.The marriage of slaves were controled entirely by their masters.Slaves had the form of marriage,but it did had been a temporary,loose and incomplete marriage.From legal provisions t,whether slave or dependent people,especially the latter,they must be married within their clan.But in fact,this provision had been implemented from the Emperor Xiaowen reform to split more than 30 years in the Northern Wei.In the rest of the time civilians marriaged to Untouchables were not uncommon.In Chapter 7,we discussed the upper status and position of the wife and concubine in north society.In the North Dynasty,there were multiple standards to establish the wife and concubine status.The main standard to establish Queen was who casted gold people by hand in King family before the reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the North Wei dynasty.At the same time there were posthumous title of Queen who was Emperor's mother and persons married to.The wife of Wang were mainly bestowed by Emperor.and other people mainly in the upper mainly were those who married,but at the same time it was interferenced with bestowing wife and polygamy.After Emperor Xiaowen reform the way of Queen's establishment mainly were elected legislation and married,and the standard was mainly Yan Zi Tak-wan. Other wiles and concubine of upper-class establishment were mainly by Wedding,but it was still interferenced with.bestowing wife and polygamy.Ander the influence of multiple standards,the wife and concubine struggled fiercely,in the North Dynasty.In the abnormal system of maintenance,the status of wife were relatively higher,while the status of concubine were abnormal low before the reform of Emperor Xiaowen;After Emperor Xiaowen reform,the status of concubine was regained,wife and concubine disputed re-intensifiedly.In Chapter 8,we discussed the chastity,licentious and phenomenons about marriage in the North Dynasty,.It was a Hu-Han miscellaneous financial society when the North Dynasty.It determined the form of the marriage with contradictional characteristics that the traditional ethnic of Han and Relic of Hu co-existenced.On the one hand,the concept of the traditional chastity had been still relatively common in vast numbers of Han people while it had a considerable impact on the minority.On the other hand,the original customs were more retained,among the minority and also had a certain effect in Han which made people had a more open even free married life and the phenomenons of the Personal relationships outside of marriage and togh had become more common in the North Dynasty.These contradictional phenomenons about marriage co-existenced Showed that they insisted on their traditional respective,as well as the inevitability of integration when people come from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds were yuled by the same regime in the North Dynasty.