On The Interrogative Sentence In Zu Tang Ji

This paper used research methods mainly to 3D grammatical theory of syntax, semantics, pragmatics, supplemented by grammaticalization theory, pragmatics theory etc., and combined with research methods of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, synchronic study and diachronic study, statisch deskription and dynamisch interpret. The paper tried to study interrogative sentences in Zu Tang Ji(《祖堂集》) comprehensively, systematically, thoroughly, and to explore the origins, evolution and so on of questions and question category in Zu Tang Ji (《祖堂集》) .The paper is divided into 11 chapters.Chapter 1 is an Introduction. It briefed on the general situation of Zu Tang Ji(《祖堂集》). It explained the research on questions of Zu Tang Ji《(祖堂集》), and the significance of this study and other research methods; focused on questions of classification issues of Zu Tang Ji(《祖堂集》), and constructed the level two classification systems.Chapter 2 inspected specific interrogations in Zu Tang Ji(《祖堂集》) comprehensively. It concluded that interrogative pronouns and composite forms is diverse in specific interrogations of Zu Tang Ji(《祖堂集》), they from a different era levels, and they are rarely used for rhetorical question or other interrogative sentence. Emerging specific interrogation sentence formats, such as"Ru He Shi X?"(如何是X?), are unique grammar format for dhyana sect quotations. Emerging specific interrogations format"NP聻/尼/你?"is the source of interrogative sentence format"NP呢?"in modern Chinese.Chapter 3 studied right-wrong interrogative sentences in Zu Tang Ji(《祖堂集》) comprehensively, which generally marked by interrogative adverb or interrogative mood particle. The chapter focused on the problem of the source of interrogative adverb"Hai"(还), and explained by analogize mechanism.Chapter 4 inspected the positive and negative interrogative sentences, from the perspective it can be seen that Zu Tang Ji(《祖堂集》)have a higher degree of spoken. It included that question format"VP (也)无?"may have geographical characteristics of South in the Late Tang and the Five Dynasties. It focused on the fictionization problem of"Neg"at the end of the format"VPNeg?".Chapter 5 described alternative question in Zu Tang Ji (《祖堂集》) comprehensively. It concluded that alternative Question tend to turn from the integration of sense to the integration of formal. Association marks"Wei Fu"(为复),"Wei Dang"(为当),"Wei"(为),"Shi"(是) of alternative Question are derived from middle Chinese, and may have translation of Buddhist scriptures.Chapter 6 inspected speculate question in Zu Tang Ji(《祖堂集》)comprehensively which is almost a completely new system. The chapter focused on the fictionization problem of"Neg"at the end of the format"莫(不)VPNeg?". It discussed on the problem that the source of speculate interrogative adverb is the negative adverbs"Mo"(莫) for deny. It refers to analogize as one of the important mechanism of grammaticalization or lexicalization.Chapter 7 inspected the rhetorical question in Zu Tang Ji (《祖堂集》) comprehensively. It refers that the interrogative pronouns are from different era levels, and it have rhetorical question mark such as"He Ceng"(何曾),"Qi Kuang"(岂况). It inquires into the rhetorical question usage of the interrogative pronouns"Shen Mo"(什摩), and a variety of rhetorical question of the interrogative pronouns"Shen Me"(什么) in modern Chinese can be traced back to Zu Tang Ji(《祖堂集》). It discusses on the source of conjunction"Zheng Nai"(争奈),and considers that omit and reanalysis is important mechanism for its lexicalization. It considers that the right-wrong rhetorical question tends to use the mark; the source of rhetorical question formats such as"Qi Bu Wen Dao X?"(岂不闻道X?) is Buddhist scriptures; emerging that the choice of rhetorical question"VP Na Zuo Mo?"(VP那作摩?) may is a reflection of Min Dialect in the Five Dynasties period, and the source of the choice of rhetorical question formats such as"VP Shi Zen Me De?"( VP是怎么的?) in modern Chinese.Chapter 8 inspected the special question in Zu Tang Ji(《祖堂集》), proposed and explained concepts as amalgamierung question, complex sentence question. It refers that formats as"Suo Yi Zhe He?"(所以者何?),"He Yi Gu?"(何以故?) have translation of Buddhist scriptures in the medieval Chinese; the origin of a number of formats such as"Ni Lai Le?"(你来了?),"P, Shi Bu Shi?"( P,是不是?) can be traced back to Zu Tang Ji(《祖堂集》).Chapter 9 inspected the mood particle at the end of interrogative sentence. The emerging mood particle"Mo"(摩) has the highest frequency and rich usage wider than"Ma"(吗) in Modern Chinese. Compared with so many interrogative sentences, the use of mood particle at the end of question is still very few, and is still focused on right-wrong question which still has a small number of cases.Chapter 10 inspected pragmatic function of question. The basic function of question is to explore, with additional function of inquest, enlightenment, evasion etc. Pragmatic function of speculate question is to request confirmation. The basic pragmatic function of rhetorical question is strengthen, with additional function of blame, remind, refute, persuasion, and so on. The last chapter is the conclusion. It summed up three important characteristics of questions in Zu Tang Ji (《祖堂集》): age characteristics, geographic characteristics and industry characteristics. From the perspective of questions in Zu Tang Ji(《祖堂集》), the paper reveals the translation of dhyana sect literature and Buddhist scriptures. On the basis of the discussion on Zu Tang Ji(《祖堂 集》), the paper reveals that amalgamierung of sentence is a universal phenomenon that many special sentence in Chinese history can only be explained reasonable and consistent from the perspective of it.