Study On The National Unification Thoughts Of CPC And KMT During New Democratic Revolutionary Period

On one hand, the period of new democratic revolution in china is a period of political non-unification whose root is the invasion launched by imperialist countries and the contradiction between the regimes of anti-revolutionary and revolutionary forces. On the other hand, it is also a period progressing from non-unification to unification. In the process of national unification, the roles played by Chinese Communist Party (CPC) and the Kuomintang(KMT) far outweighed the influence posed by the other parties and political forces. In spite of the differences in the class interests they represent, ideology, political stands and aspirations, both of the two parties deemed national unification their responsibilities and established an extensive and sincere cooperation though accompanied by sharp and intense conflicts from time to time. With their joint efforts, they charted out a new blueprint for modern history. The most significant force leading to China's unification and splits is the cooperation and fierce struggle between the two parties in case of national unification. The ideologies of the two parties in terms of national unification during this period and their mutual influence directly affected the development of China's modern history and the destiny and prospect of China as well.The contribution of this paper is that from the perspective of the shift of the primary and secondary status between the national unification based on nationality and class character respectively, it analysed the social and historical background of the emergence of the ideology of the national unification established with the concerted efforts of the two parties by focusing on the principal contradiction of national unification during the period of the new democratic revolution and combing political science with historical science. In addition, it elaborated the changes and development of the ideology of national unification built by the two parties by comparing the similarities and differences of the ideologies of national unification of the two parties and came to a natural conclusion which was the fruit of a scientific study with politics well considered. The paper consists of six parts. They are as follows:The introduction expounded three questions. The question centering around the grounds on which the selection of the research topic is based and the significance of the paper pointed out both the theoretical and realistic significance of the ideology of national unification led by the CPC and KMT during the period of new democratic revolution. Simultaneously, it had a mention of the latest study in the field and analysed the basis of the paper's contribution. The direction of the research and its methodology vividly conveyed that the research method of the paper is comparative research method by combining political science with historical science. The question on the definition of concepts and their connotations defined national unification led by the two parties during the period of new democratic revolution and conducted a detailed analysis of the two innovative concepts---national unification on nationality and national unification on class.The first chapter sets out to analyse the social and historical background of the emergence of the ideology of national unification led by the CPC and KMT. The international backgrounds are as follows: firstly, the expansion of international monopoly capitalism severely damaged the political unification of the colonial and semi-colonial countries. Secondly, the international nationality liberation movement safeguarded national unification. The third international background is the propagation of Marxist and Leninism theories concerning national unification. Going hand in hand with the international backgrounds are the domestic backgrounds which also cover three points. The first is the semi-colonial and semi-feudal economy that hampered national political unification; the second is the political environment marked by foreign invasion and civil unrest which was aggravated by the split crisis; the third is the historical daunting task of national unification. The social and historical backgrounds of the two parities have both similarities and differences.The second chapter aims to elaborate the evolution and development of the ideology of national unification of the KMT. The period lasting from the winter of1893(the Revival of China Society was established) to March, 1929(the third plenary session of its People's congress was held) was the initial period for the formation of the ideology of national unification; the period from March, 1929 to January, 1939 when the fifth plenary session of the People's congress of KMT was held witnessed its ideology of national unification becoming ripe; the period from January, 1939 to October, 1949 when People's Republic of China was founded saw the expansion and decline of its ideology of national unification. Although in certain phases, the ideology of national unification of KMT was revolutionary and progressive, on the whole, the revolutionary and progressive spirit of the ideology was on the wane.The third chapter is devoted to the evolution and development of the ideology of national unification of the CPC which may be divided into five periods. The period from May, 1919 to July, 1927 was the embryonic stage; 8, 1927-7,1937 was the initial period for the formation of its ideology; 8,1937-1,1940 was the period when the ideology became ripe; 2,1940-8,1945 was the expansion period; 9,1945-10,1949 was the period when the ideology achieved victory. It is a political ideology with national, class, scientific and revolutionary character well combined.The fourth chapter concentrates on the comparison and contrast between the ideologies of the CPC and KMT. The similarities of their ideologies lie in the following four aspects. Firstly, they were both profoundly influenced by international factors; secondly, they both stuck to the stance of national unification; thirdly, they both endeavored to grasp the leadership of national unification; finally, they both embodied wartime characteristics. Likewise, the differences also rest upon five aspects which cover the differences in their guiding principles, goals of founding a unified country, their strategies of development, their policies in dealing with political parties and the differences in themselves.The last chapter is the conclusion which covers six major points. Firstly, the core issue of national unification is the relations of the two parties; secondly, the shift of the primary and secondary status of national character and class character determined the cooperation and struggle between the two parties in the process of national unification; thirdly, both of the two parties stuck to the stance of national unification from the beginning to the end; the next point is that the two parties made different contribution to national unification; the fifth point is that dramatic differences existed in the ideologies of national unification; finally, the only correct ideology is the one adopted by the CPC in terms of national unification.