Social Reason In The Horizon Of The Post-Metaphysics

"Social reason"which is discussed in this paper refers to the unity of social life. The issue of social reason is how to realize the unity of social life. To this question, different philosophers have different views and the main view is the traditional metaphysical philosophers', that is, realizing the"absolute identity"of social life through eliminating the"difference"of individuals. The thinking mode of traditional metaphysics is seasoned with traditional society, but conflicts with modern society that has changed a lot. In modern society, seeking the social unity in traditional metaphysical thinking mode is bound to generate the oppressions of individuals and aggravate the antagonism and disjunction of society. The goal of this paper is how to realize the unity of social life on the premise of keeping the difference of individuals. This paper deals on the characteristics of the traditional social reason and on the confliction traditional way of thinking and demand of modern society, and on the foundation of the thoughts of Marxist social reason and the researches of the contemporary philosopher, this paper also enlarges the horizon of the post-metaphysics."Post-metaphysics"does not mean the end of metaphysics and it comes to an end of traditional metaphysics, it will realize the"non-coercive"unity of social life.There are four parts as follows:In the first chapter, it is discussed that how the traditional social reason suppresses individuation and difference. This chapter includes two sections. In the first section, the author discussed the characters of traditional social reason and categorized them into three points, namely, the abstractness of foundation of social reason, the arbitrariness of argumentation of social reason, the coerciveness of application of social reason. The thinking mode of the traditional metaphysics often hypothesize some kinds of abstract substantiality as the foundation of unity of social existence, and often design and arrange social existence with subjective cognize. The arrangement of social existence was recognized as the arrangement of eternal righteousness, and any other non-identity and otherness which disobey the arrangement were considered as the root of social abruption, so the spirit should be purified and the body should be destroyed. Therefore, the unity that the traditional metaphysics pursued was an abstract unity realized by violence. In the second section, the author analyzed the basic form of traditional social reason and then uncovers the abstractness, coerciveness and arbitrariness in traditional metaphysics'thinking mode.In the second chapter, the main task is to demonstrate that the traditional metaphysic'thinking mode is now conflicting with the requests of modern society, and we should find a new approach to realize the social oneness. This chapter includes two sections. In the first section, co-constructive of traditional society and traditional metaphysics'thinking mode is discussed; in the second section, the conflicts between the request of modern society and the thinking mode of the traditional metaphysics is discussed. In modern society, people pursue a kind of individual value , but the excessive pursue leads to abruption of modern society. Therefore, the dilemma of the modern society is how to protect individual differences and realize unity of modern social life at the same time.In the third chapter, the main task is to discuss Marx's responses to how to realize unify between individual and sociality. This chapter includes three sections, in the first section, Marx's practical turn in social reason is discussed. Marx considered the thinking mode of the traditional metaphysics as an academic mode. Basing on this mode, we can not resolve problems, instead we conceal problems, and only based on practice we can realize unity of social life through social transform. In the second section, Marx's animadverts towards conceptions appeared after latter-day are discussed. Those conceptions included"ethical reason","moral reason"and"political reason". Marx pointed out that the social reason after latter-day reversed the relationship between the nations and the civil society, and the nations did not realize social unity, but maintains the abruption of the civil society with compulsion. In the third section, Marx's thinking of social reason is discussed. Marx claimed that unity of social life can be veritably realized only by the community of freeman which established through jointly participating under highly developed productivity and by the elimination of the opposition among social classes.In the forth chapter, the main task is to explore a new view on the foundation of the contemporary researches of many philosophers. This chapter includes four sections, in the first sections, animadverts towards subjective principal regarding latter-day metaphysics are discussed. Latter-day metaphysics claimed that absolute unity can be realized on the basis of subjectivity; however, otherness and society will disappear from the view of the subject if based on subjectivity. Therefore, principal of subjectivity is a principal of disruption, and not a principal of unity. In the second section, problems regarding the post-metaphysics'turn of the social reason are discussed. Inter-subjectivity consensus among subjects can be accepted among subjects, and use it as the foundation of social reason will not suppress the individuality. In the third section, turn from dogmatism to dialogism in social reason argumentation form is discussed. Dialogism is activity participated by subjects, and this process is a process which can eliminate contradiction, promote understanding and gain inter-subjectivity consensus, and the attitude of dialogism is an attitude aiming to avoid violence and tolerant with each other. Through dialogism, subjects can not only maintain individual difference but also realize unity of social life. In the forth section, the turn from objectivity to social solidarity in the core value of the social reason is discussed. Modern society is a globalization society full of risks, and our human being can resist common risk and avoid apartness and bloodiness only by realizing solidarity among individuals through casting off position of solipsism. Solidarity means"Harmony in Differences", social solidarity means to pursue a kind of coexistence within which equality and differences can share something in their ways.