The City Patron Saint Of The Tang And Song Dynasties

The origin of the city protection god and the origin of the city had closely relationship in Chines ancient times. Originating in the Yangshao culture later period and Longshan culture earlier times, Chinese ancient city basicly failed into a pattern in the Xia and Shang Dynasty. Passing through the Qin Han and Wei Dynasty, it achieved the prosperous aspect in the Tang and Song Dynasty. At the same time, the city resident preliminarly formated. Both of them formed the basic prerequisite for the origin of the city protection god. But the origin of the city protection god and the origin of the city was not synchronization. Originating from the Shuiyong god, the Chenghuang god was the Chinese native city protection god, which in the Spring and Autumn Period basicly formated. But originating in the India, then arriving the Western Region, until in the Southern and Northern Dynasty The Salmone god arrived China by the Buddhism God face. Both of two gods had obtained the certain degree development before the Tang and Song Dynasty. The Chenghuang god obviously guaranteed the city resident and the Salmone god also has obtained the large quantities of audiences under the Buddhism big development background.The city protection god also showed extraordinary talents with the fact that the city being prosperous. The Salmone god's characteristic of protecting city rose highly during the period of widely spreading in the Tang Song Dynasty, which made up the city protection god with the Chenghuang god together. Meanwhile, the city protection god magically were in vogue widely, not only showing in the city public belief but in thescattering. This outcome had great effect on the city economy and the city culture.The city protection god existed in the form of binary pattern , but not displaying in even state. It showed the obvious characteristic of north and south administering mark on the geographical distribution. The Salmone god existed mainly in north city , but the ChengHuang god mainly existed in south city. This distribution characteristic demonstrated north and south area culture difference. And it indicated the religion difference between civilized and secular civilization , outside civilization and local territory civilization.The city protection god's deity and function obviously evoluted in the process of being in vogue broadly in the public, Among them, main behaviour of the deity evolution was legitimism-rization and personification two aspect; The development of function was to broaden the scope of this characteristic. These development was nevitable result that the city protection god was current in the public. With deity and the function evolution , also with the fact that society's ceaselessness changes, two god walked up each's different road of development.The ChengHuang god become the Chinese city protection god alone, and issued brilliant rays on the afterwards. The Salmone god was to walk up the part road to popular Chinese belief conversion and the part returning temple . The Chinese city protection god outshined others once again.The city protection god also demonstrated the times characteristic in the relationship with religion in evolution process. Originating from the Buddhism ,the Salmone god wasin gradually free from Buddhism, whose parts among them changed into Chinese popular belief, but another part of returned temple , becoming the patron saint upholding the constitution, protecting a yard. But originating from popular ,the ChengHuang god was to draw close to Taoism gradually, but this did not changed its nature together. This reflected both the trend of two gods and the change-over of society.In short ,in the Tang Song Dynasty ,city protection god manifested out times characteristic on extension and connotation which was the outcome of Tang Song changes. Its development reflected both the evolution of the ancient times popular belief and the religion changes deeply.