Exile In A Foreign Land, The Chinese Literature: Eileen Chang's Revelation

Built on the academic criticism and re-examination of the article The Mirror 'Contrasts' from the lens of doomsday — Re-inspection of 'Legend' , this dissertation strives to retrace Ms. Zhang Ailing's literary thinking, which, reflected from her literary career, exerts substantial importance to the modern Chinese literary history. In my opinion, the creation of Legend, a great literary work of the Chinese allegorical style, is not only closely related to the reflection of the Second World War in the modern China that has been concealed by the War of Resistance Against Japan, but also help us contemplate on the arising of the ensuing Culture Revolution. From Legend to The Rice-Sprout Song, a spiritual line that seems to be fractured yet indeed continuous runs through the two national disasters linked by the Zhang Ailing Literature. The Luxun Literature, as we know, is the major clue as well as the wedging point of the dissertation, in which I attempt to portray the whole process of the reversion and reflection ultimately formed in the Zhang Ailing Literature and the Human Literature. Essentially, this dissertation unfolds how Legend, with The Golden Cangue reaching the summit of allegory, propels the entire Human Literature to make its way from "the iron house" started in The Diary of the Maniac (literal translation of Kuang Ren Diary) to "the place without light" , thus completing the displacement of modern Chinese literature, namely, the exile to the foreign country in the real sense in the encounters of Chinese and Western cultures, to make the Human Literature become the Soul Literature, or, in other words, the Guilt Literature. The creation of The Golden Cangue is the real birth of the Guilt Literature in the Chinese literature history.Legend is a "blockade" to the speech that is peculiar to the modern China, and the central point of allegory that is principle of survival as well. Therefore, if it is to say that to break away from the "blockade" and to have the modern China go forward from "wordless speech" to theWritten on Water of speech are the historical voice under the sundry schools of "Culture" shaped during the collisions of the non-reciprocity between Chinese and Western cultures instead of the ordinary realistic work, then this is also the case with The Rice-Sprout Song, which hence goes far beyond the spiritual realm of what Luxun defined the "Native Land Literature" with a "nostalgic" style in his The Complete Volumes of Chinese New Literature — the Preface of the Second Volume in the Human Literature, and accordingly become the "Exile" Literature in the sense of the "Revival" of the peculiar Chinese Soul. Since the dissertation places and further unfolds the Zhang Ailing Literature in the history framework of the whole Human Literature, with the Luxun Literature being the spiritual culmination, so as to open the world of the Zhang Ailing Literature, which is often regarded as"unconventional", in the mutual interpretation and reflection of these three categories and to re-display the historical texture and the historical soul within the modern Chinese literature, I will touch upon the following subjects in the literature history, subjects which are of great importance: the shaping relationship between the Christianity, which is the central core of the Western Civilization, and the modern Chinese literature, the relationship between "New Women" and the"Human Literature" , the problems of such concepts that were formed in the War of Resistance Against Japan as "being occupied by enemy" , "the great Eastern Asia" and "Asia", the relationship between "Shanghai" and "China" , and especially the coming into being of the "Culture Revolution" revealed in the historical interconnection between The Diary of the Maniac and The Golden Cangue. In addition, due to the tortuous continuity of the Zhang Ailing Study in the Mainland and the Taiwan Straits and in the Hong Kong, it is necessary for me to discuss in the dissertation the contemporary cultural phenomenon.In conclusion, the Zhang Ailing Literature thoroughly opens the Complete Works of Luxun. Born in the Human Literature, it transcends the Human Literature. It is no exaggeration to say that it is in the internal meetings with the Western Christian revolution that Luxun and Zhang Ailing, two esteemed writers who inherited and passed on the Chinese literary pithand marrow in the real sense of spirit, completed the identity of "Chinese Man" and "Chinese Writer" , and, for their being, lighted up the entire Human Literature, with spirit glistening and glimmering.The emergence of the Zhang Ailing Literature indicates that China with a long history of tribulations encounters with the Deity for the first time in the true sense, and provides the new vision of the framework of the literature history in order to make the modern Chinese literature truly "engaged in the global career. "...