A Study Of The Passive Markers In Modern Chinese

This dissertation studies passive marker (PM) in modern Chinese, and the special passive marker (SPM) and potential passive marker (PPM) are emphasis. The major theoretical background is " the Hypothesis of the Pivotal Status of Clauses", especially the Hypothesis' rule how to turn words into clauses", and the basic approach is the so called "Two Triangles" by Xing Fuyi.. The whole contents consist of one introduction and nine chapters. Chapter 1 and chapter 9 serve as the general argumentation and theoretical conclusion respectively whereas the three SPMs are discussed from chapter 2 to 4 and the four PPMs from chapter 5 to 8.The introduction offer a literature review of the concerned past research and puts forth the starting point, methodology and expected target.Chapter 1 attempts to analyse some SPM and PPM of modern Chinese from cognitive point of view. It consist of three sections. Section 1 passive prototype that are established in passive concept are discussed, and the passive schemes clewes such as "surface-direction-line-joint-sense" are forecasted. Section 2, some PM's passive schemes are analysed, and four image such as "up and down, back and forword, path, joint" are used to represent passive concept of modern Chinese. Section 3, the commonnesses, relationes and differences on different passive schemes.Chapter 2 discusses SPM "给 " , its distribution in different regions and the reason why the sentence with the word 给 as passive sentence appears there. The paper deem the development of the sentence with the word 给 is soiled as ink or is spiccato in different region .At the same time, the paper describe and analyze the coexistence of the word 给 with other passive signs, and moreover, explore the course of formation of the word 给 as passive sentence on cognition reverse and pragmatic distribution.Chapter 3 discusses the SPM "让" .The first section reviews the diachronic development of "让" marker.and suggesting the "让" marker is used on a large scale at the initial period of 20 century. At same time the paper re-examines why the "iL" marker come out in terms of its semantic, pragmatic and grammatical motivation. The section 2 focuses oil the marker's synchronic state, analyzing the its presence in different dialetic region, uneven circulation, difficult speciality, occurrence in both written and oral forms. The third section gives a comparison between the "让" marker and the other relevant marker, with the explanation of the "让" marker's use in different congnitive framework of time and space, discussed with comparating other passive markers. On congnitive origin, "让" marker body is multiplex, because it consist of allowing with action and language, and on this base, "ih" finally became a passive marker across the phase of "tolerance" .Chapter 4 discusses the SPM "着" . The first and second sections this paper study the distributional feature and expression in factual dialect. The third section investigates the application of "着" in Chinese history, paying attention to its possible geographical distinction in diachronic state. The fourth section concentrates on how "着" experienced different paths to become a passive marker in different dialectical areas. The fifth section discusses how "着" marker co-exists and changes with other passive markers in light of numbers, types and causes.Chapter 5 discusses PPM "经(过)" . There are relation between "经(过) +VP" and passive concept ,so the phrase and sentence of "经(过)" have a passive tendency. The paper descriptive and interpret the structure and semantic passivity of "经(过)+VP" and "?+VP" from diachronic linguistic and synchronic linguistic, study the representation of style, force, strength to make causation about "经(过) "construction.Chapter 6 discusses PPM "在......下" .The structure of "在 NV 下" contain passive conceptand the "在...... 下" that contact with a VP is a PPM. Firstly, the paper analyses the structure'spassive pattern and distribution as patients. Secondly, the inner difference of "在 NV 下 " is analyzedac...