| If one wants to get acquainted with social life, social relations and the history of the society, he must, first of all, know man because human beings are the undertakers and participants of all social activities, social interactions and the creators of social history as well. Since the large-scaled division of labor in society came into existence, human beings made themselves unilaterally-developed ones out of primitives. One could no longer turn a blind eye to it when their unilateral development carried on and on to such an extent that it turned out to be a severe chronic malady of the society. Therefore, the comprehensively-developed human beings hit upon people's brain as ideal ones and the ideologists in very era had made with great pull prolonged investigations of the theories on the comprehensive development of human beings. However, the transfer of those theories from fantasy to science was not realized until the naissance of Marxism.The thought of Marxism's founder concerned with human comprehensive development is a theoretical category which carries dialectical point of view and abundant connotation. In terms of "individual", comprehensive human development involves the all-round development of his personal ability, the foil growth of his personality, the enrichment and expansion of his social relations, the overall growth of his necessities and the full actualization of his personal value. In terms of "generic", human development involves the all-round development of his generic attribute, his generic capabilities, and his generic social relations, and the complete release and full free evolution of his generic. Marx argued that all-round human development, as a process of history, undergoes three stages: the primitive enrichment and self-sacrifice stage based on human mutual dependence, the independence stage on the basis of human's dependence on materials, and the individual character stage on the foundation of all-round individual development and on the condition that human's shared productive capacity has been turned their social wealth. Three conditions are necessary in all-round human development, i.e. financial base, equal relationship of non-exploitation and non-oppressionbetween each other, and shared activity mode based on the elimination of past division of labor.Socialism is a very significant phase in the advance of human society. The basic purpose of socialist cause is in pursuit of the acceleration of all-round human development, which is determined by its essence. The set-up of socialist system has opened up the way to all-round human development. Nevertheless, the practical course in the set-up of socialism are not entirely identical with the logical sequence expatiated by the authors of Marxist classics. Socialism won at first its victory in the weak link of the imperialism chain, which was mostly composed of those countries that were underdeveloped in commodity economy, productivity, both material and spiritual civilization. It is the case with China. It poses a new task in the history of Marxism's progress how to accelerate all-round human development in such a nation as China that is underdeveloped in economy, culture and productivity. The three generations of CPC's leading nucleus have made hard but fruitful exploration to that end by combining Marxism's theory on all-round human development and its age with the actual situation of China.Mao Zedong, head of the first generation, had some discussions about all-round human development. He believed that to promote all-round human development was to bring up or foster the new socialist man, namely, laborers with both socialist consciousness and culture. Mao Zedong's primary devotion to the problem of all-round human development is as follows:As far as man's dialectical relation with matters is concerned, Mao put forward the idea " Man is of the highest rank of all things on earth" so that he demonstrated the theoretical premises concerning all-round human development.As for the criterion of all-round human developm... |
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