The Early Song Dynasty Word

The lyric in the early stage of northern Song Dynasty play a role of carrying on the past and opening a way for future which could not be substituted! in the whole history of lyric,. In this paper, by synthesizing the methods used in sociology, historiography and aesthetics, on the basis of historical facts and materials, the author surveyed the lyric circle in early northern Song Dynasty in according to the principal of respecting the history, lyricists and lyrics, trying to reveal the artistic scene and the aesthetic features in this time, as well as its connotation on a deeper level so as to expatiate its important role in the history of lyric.There are seven chapters in this dissertation. In chapter I, the surviving circumstance of early lyrics is analyzed from the perspective of clime, the fashion of enjoyment and the developing of literary patterns, from which derived the character such as regionally, responsory, the pattern of the lyric tending to become elegant, and so on. In chapter II, the reasons of the dreariness of the lyric circle in the three early dynasties of Song are explored, and the reasons are analyzed as follows: firstly, there is no favorable circumstance for the development of lyrics due to the chaos caused by continuous war, the dangerous interior situation and the poverty and sickness of civilians. Secondly, the emperor of the three dynasties before Song considered the lyrics a disaster to the country by taking the lessons from the ruin of former dynasties. Thirdly, the supervising of the prime minister on the emperor, the gentry and the fashion of the society is enhanced gradually. Fourthly, the development of lyrics is blocked by the restoration of Confucianism. Fifthly, the musicians and mummers engaged in musical literature are restricted and suppressed. Sixth, the traditional concept of " the lyric is a gorgeous style" made the gentry and literators despise the lyric, the space for the lyric to survive and prevail is extremely narrow with the crush of poesy and prose, which brought the drowsy of the lyric. The reason and reflection of the prosperity of the lyric circle in the early stage of northern Song Dynasty is discussed in chapter III. Under the genius of enjoyment, poets' meetingcharacterized by the companionship and chorus among the (iterators and gentry provided a good circumstance for the prosperity of the lyric texts, the collective appreciation for libretto of the aimes turned into the appreciation for the literary grace of the lyrics, in addition, the fashion of responsory, cent-rhyme and hypo-rhyme existed in poesy field are transplanted into the lyric, the lyric became a social tool in the lyric circle and officialdom.The artistic contribution to the lyric text of the lyricists in prophase is described in chapter IV, V, VI. Three popular lyric concepts in the lyric circle of early northern Song Dynasty is discussed from the viewpoint of the function and aesthetics in chapter IV. The first concept is the view that the function of the lyric is to present the lyric and to make people happy. Second is the arousal that the poesy and lyric are uniform. Third is the lyric ideality of advocating elegance. Five fundamental composing patterns of the lyric embodied hi the diction of earlier lyric is described in chapter V, which is "pattern in earlier Song Dynasty", "laconic but bold pattern", "attern of profound arrangement and sophisticated artistic conception" , "pattern of Tuntian", and "connotative style". In this paper, the author point out that the primary characteristic of pattern in early Song Dynasty is describing scenes in forepart and expressing feelings in second part. The lyricists who used the pattern ofen at that time include Song Qi, Ou Yangxiu, Yan Shu and so on The laconic but bold pattern of Zhang Xian is a dispersal of scenes in forepart and feelings in second part, which is related to Zhang Xian's talent, the emboding skill, the application of language, and so on. "Pattern of profound arrangement and sophisticated artistic conception" has broken...