Beyond The Opposition Of Subjective And Objective

The objective of the psychology of knowledge is a major theoretical issue in psychological research, whether the psychological knowledge can get the objectivity of natural science is a difficult problem which psychologists have long intended to address but have not solved. There are two different answers about this problem in Western psychology. One is Subjective Paradigm which think that the psychological research will be able to obtain objective knowledge need not exclude the subjective object and the subjective method. Another is Objective Paradigm which adhere that psychology can obtain objective knowledge by exclude the subjective object and the subjective method.Psychologists which holds Subjective Paradigm recognize the existence of subjective world and the mental entity or entity of conciseness that psychology should study. They recognize.the existence of objective knowledge and psychology can get the objective truth. They remains the subjective method which compatible with the subjective object. Psychology knowledge can get objective but not need rule out subjective object and method. And subjective method is an important way of acquiring knowledge but not a pollution to the objective of psychology knowledge. Subjective Paradigm showed two different forms:Scientism Subjective Paradigm and Humanism Subjective Paradigm. The Humanism Subjective Paradigm have three different forms:(1) Subjective Paradigm of human science;(2) Subjective Paradigm of the theory of knowledge;(3) Subjective Paradigm of the unity of human science and the theory of knowledge. Scientism Subjective Paradigm is the scientific stance psychologist inclusive of the results of the subjective object and the subjective method, it have the characteristics of both scientism and subjective paradigm. The basic characteristics of Humanism Subjective Paradigm conclude humanistic view of the world, intuitionism line, the principle of holism, subjective Research Methods.The Objective Paradigm is the results that scientism psychologist rule out the subjective object and the subjective method. Psychologist which holds objective paradigm deny the existence of consciousness of mental entity, and the object of psychology study should limit to which can be observable and verifiable. They believe that psychology can get Correspondence Theory of knowledge by objective study line and methods. It have four different forms:(1) Stimulus-Response Paradigm,(2) The Intervening Variable Paradigm,(3) Information Processing Paradigm,(4)The Cognitive Neuroscience Paradigm. The worldview of naturalism (or physicalism, mechanistic), logicism line, the principle of reductionism and objective empirical method is the main features of the Objective Paradigm.Subjective Paradigm revealed the subjectivity of human's existence, human's subjectivity and sociality, and formed a series principles and methods adapt to human's subjective existence, it played a major role on overcoming the lack of Objective Paradigm and achieve the integrity of psychological research. The Objective Paradigm fully revealed the objectivity of human's existence, human's objectivity and naturalness, and formed a series principles and methods adapt to reveal human's objectivity, it played a major role on the scientific process of psychology. But whatever the Subjective Paradigm or Objective Paradigm, are all a dichotomous thinking style by either-or others views to look at human and their mind and behavior. The one-side understandings to Human Being resulted many of the opposing sides which should be unify. The theme of psychology is human being, the mission of psychology is fully understanding the essence of human and their mind and behavior, thus, the key to integrate this two paradigm is establishing Integration Horizon which based on a full comprehensive to human.The Integration Horizon is based on the comprehensive of human's nature. The human being is a unity which both have the natural and social, subjectivity and objectivity, reality and historical, is a "negative unity" melt many opposite poles of subjective and objective. and human nature is constantly generating, enriching and developing in practice. Psychology study should be based on the practice and to pursuit the human's comprehensive nature. Standing the Integration Horizon, the Subjective Paradigm and Objective Paradigm is consistent with the goal of the study, both are the rational view to human nature, so they all has its own space to play. The integration of two paradigm conclude that establish the multi-cultural perspective of psychology, establish the view that psychology as a science of human being, and reached the dialectical unity of subjective and objective in the practice of psychology study.