1930-1937: The Nationalism Discourse Structure In Modern Chinese Literature

In the development process of the modern Chinese history, the nationalism was a complex and far-reaching social thought. Since it was born in the in the context of the late Qing Dynasty,which was a era that gathered different internal and external problems, the nationalism was not only the results of the discourse construction in the ideological field by major political parties for the purpose of their political intentions, but also reflected the spontaneous emotional identification which revolve around of the common people's patriotism and their aspiration of defend homeland. This complexity was shown obviously in the literature development course from 1930 to 1937. On the eve of the Sino-Japanese War, the united process of different literary genre in the national salvation banner, was the result of the writers discarded the hatchet for national interest, at the same time, was also the game products among the different parties and political interest groups.Although the writers belong to different thought and literature factions presented the similar anti-imperialist nationalist slogans, their ideas often exist great differences. Despite the Nationalism Literary in 1930s demanded the idea of fighting against imperialist aggression and national revival, on the one hand, it was against the left-wing literature's class position, At the same time, it strengthened the state's control over the people by the manner of reinforcing the public's national responsibility. In nature, the literature faction served the Nanjing Government's requirements of establishing a new modern nation-state, and was an important part of culture control of the Nationalist Party.Different from the Nationalism Literary, the left-wing literature which was under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party experienced a transition process from the class consciousness to the national consciousness. During the process from anti-imperialist and safeguarding the Soviet Union to the foundation of the "defense of literature", besides the effect of the current situation, the political factors'effect was equally important. In 1935, after the Seventh Congress of the Communist International, based on the strategic adjustment of the new situation, the Party proposed the principle of establishment the anti-Japanese national united, finished the change from the class struggle to national salvation. However, This transition was not smooth, the "two Slogans" controversy occurred in the left-wing literary circles shown the difficultity of this discourse transformation.In addition, as an important part of the new literature in 1930's, the liberal writers who standed outside the political struggle between the Nationalist Party and the Chinese Communist Party also faced test of the national crisis in the time. Although their thoughts literature ideas existed lots of difference, the national sentiment and patriotic spirit was common characteristics in their works. As external political factors seldom affect their writing, the liberal writers could have more freedom to choose their own roads of writing and the life. The transition of the modern Chinese writers'thought and literature was demonstrated more clearly in their life and literatuer career.