| Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) account for 12-15 percent of cerebral stroke. Its mutilation rate, fatility is very high, and the ICH patients become younger and younger. It is different from cerebral ischemia, because its therapy don′t have obviously breakthrough in recent years. Clinic random comparision experimrnts have proved that clearing hemorrhage in the head counldn′t improve patients prognosis, and 1/3 patients still got worse after operation.This phenomnon hint there is secondary lesion around hemorrhage besides hemorrhage direct damage. Whether there is ischemic penumbra around hemorrhage which is similar with ischemic penumbra (IP) of cerebral infarction become a hot spot in recent years.The conception of IP was mentioned in cerebral ischemia. It was ischemic cerebral tissue around infarction central. Its electric activity stopped, but keep ionic balance and structure completely. Its function can be reversed. Now we decide IP mainly by imageology, including SPECT, PET, function MRI and Xe-CT, etc. But experiment discovered the domain was considered as IP by imageology whin 1 hour, but its function could be reversed before 4 hours by pathology. It told us that imageology and pathology did not sychronized. So, in infarction research, someone used pathology methods to decide IP, especially suggested cystoskeleton light changes could be a marker of IP. We chose apoptosis cell, Bcl-2, MAP-2, GFAP and COX-2 as IP markers. Research had already confirmed cells mainly apptosis in IP, Bcl-2 and COX-2 became more in IP, astrocytes were activated and cystoskeleton lightly changed in IP.90 rats were divided into 5 groups: nomal group, hemorrhage and contral hemorrhage group, ischemic and contral ischemic group .The last 4 groups were divided into 3h,6h,12h,24h,48h,72h subgroups. Self blood was injected in rats′head to make cerebral hemorrhage models, and used Longa method to block MCA to make infarction models. TUNEL method was used to detect apoptosis cells. Mimunohistochemical methods were performed to examine the expression of MAP-2, GFAP, COX-2 in rat brain. Comparing the quantity of MAP-2, GFAP, COX-2 between hemorrhage and contral hemorrhage group, ischemic and contral ischemic group hemorrhage and ischemic group.There was a transitional zone between hematoma and normal tissue. This zone was similar with IP in pathology.They both had neuron necrosis and degenerated, astrocytes and gitter cell activated, cell and tissue edematous, and inflamation cells infiltrated.As time went on, these changes aggravated.In ischemic group, Bcl-2 sexual cells mainly located in IP, they raised up from 3h, reached peak at 24h, and then decreased. In hemorrhage group, Bcl-2 sexual cells mainly located around hemorrhage, they raised up from 3h, kept increasing until 72h. The peak numerical of two groups had no difference in statistics. The apoptosis cells mainly located in IP and aound hemorrhage. MAP-2 and GFAP curve chart had the same expressing tendency. In ischemic group and hemorrhage group, MAP-2 both decreased and its shape disfigurated. As time went on, MAP-2 disfigurated seriously and quantity decreased. In ischemic group and hemorrhage group, from 3 hours GFAP-expressing cells increased. As time went on, astrocyte swollened and its quantity increased. So as tissue damage around IP and hemorrhage became seriously (MAP-2 decreased), astrocyte absorbing and clearing necrotic tissue ability enhanced (GFAP increased). COX-2 sexual cells mainly located in IP and perihemorrhage, and two curve chart had the same expressing tendency.The experiments got conclusion as follow: 1 In acute hemorrhage time, perihemorrhage area and IP had the similar, dynamic pathology process. They both had neuron necrosis and degenerated, astrocytes and gitter cell activated, cell and tissue edematous, and inflamation cells infiltrated. As time went on, these changes aggravated. 2 Both perihemorrhage area and IP had Bcl-2 sexual cells and apoptosis cells. The peak numerical of two groups had no difference in statistics. It illustrate IP and perihemorrhage area had similar cell dead style, that is apoptosis .3 MAP-2 curve chart had the same express tendency in ischemic group and hemorrhage group As time went on, MAP-2 disfigurated seriously and quantity decreased. In ischemic group and hemorrhage group,both GFAP-expressing cells increased. So tissue damage perihemorrhage is the same with IP, as time went on, tissue necrosis became seriously, repairment enhanced.4 COX-2 sexual cells mainly located in IP and para-hemorrhage, and two curve chart had the same express tendency.Inflamation plays an important part in both perihemorrhage and IP.5 Perihemorrhage area and IP had similar pathology change, And this time persisted longer than IP exist time. According to this research, hemorrhage penumbra could exist within 72 hours. The precisely time need further research.This research first used cerebral ischemia as comparision, investgated IP marker (apoptosis cell, Bcl-2, MAP-2, GFAP and COX-2) expressing regular pattern. Connection with past imagology research conclusion that there were cerebral blood flow decreased in perihemorrhage area, we concluded that there was penumbra similar with cerebral infarction. This conclusion provided new thoery for hemorrhage therapy, and its significance was very important.
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