Sichuan Of Codonopsis Quality And The Genetic And Environmental Factors Affect Their Quality Of Research

Codonopsis tangshen Oliv.(C tangshen),a medicinal plant of long used and cultivated record in history in China,is mainly distributed east in Chongqing municipality,south in Shaanxi province,west in Hubei province,north in Guizhou province.C.tangshen was sold overseas because of its good quality,however, many commodity names were formed in market and quality existed difference due to various habitats.There is so far no united and standard method for quality control of Codonopsis herbs,and poor systematic researches on quality control of C.tangshen. Few studies of influent factors on quality of C.tangshen were reported.Having finished study on inspection and determination of C.tangshen from 29 habitats,we suggested that water content of C.tangshen materials should not be more than 8.7%,total ashes 6.5%,acid insoluble ashes 2.5%,ethanol extracts 55.0%, and content of lobetyolin no less than 0.53%o,polysaccharide 14.7%,total saponin 7.3%.Firstly,the method of comprehensive evaluation of multi-indexes(TOPSIS Method) was applied in this study to quantitatively evaluate the quality of C. tangshen.The results were almost unanimous on the basis of different determining weight,which proved that it is feasible for evaluating the quality of medicinal materials by this method.Samples were examined by using HPLC fingerprint to generate a mean global chromatogram as the representative standard fingerprint and the similarity of each chromatogram against the mean global chromatogram was also calculated.The result showed that the similarity of the 29 samples from different habitats was more than 0.92.Majority of the samples was grouped one cluster using principal component analysis(PCA) based on the characteristic peaks of HPLC fingerprint and the contents of measuring chemical compositions.The biomass accumulation of root in C.tangshen was centralized from April to July,and seedling quality obviously influenced the biomass accumulation.The quality of C.tangshen was susceptible to effect of environmental factors,within which water and temperature were chiefly restricted elements.Measuring the 16 soil nutrient indexes of C.tangshen,the result showed that Distribution of soil nutrients existed deflexion.The 16 indexes were simplied into 6 principal components using PCA method,and most soil samples were grouped one cluster,which indicated that the quality of the soil samples was totally close.The variation coefficients of plant elements on C.tangshen were lower than those of soil elements,and the correlation of plant elements on C.tangshen between different sites in the same habitat and different habitats was significant,which showed its own regularity of absorption of soil nutrients.The genetic diversity of C.tangshen was abundant among the tested samples by the approach of sequence-related amplified polymorphism(SRAP) and inter simple sequence repeat(ISSR).The samples can be grouped 3 or 2 clusters based on the UPGMA method by TREECONW software,which had a suggestion that the geographical distribution should not be very obvious,even if some of the samples from close regions were clustered in the same group.Mantel test showed that correlation of SRAP and ISSR was significant.The variation coefficients of detected traits on C.tangshen both different regions and different years changed little,which showed that its genetic character was stable.The traits of C.tangshen were under the control of genetic and environmental factors,however,the genetic effect and environmental effect on output and quality of C.tangshen need further study.Firstly taken soil nutrient,soil pH,altitude,growth time as one system,the influence degree of them on each chemical composition from 27 habitats was calculated by the method of gray correlation analysis.The result showed that order of soil pH,altitude,C/N ratio,growth time,iron(Fe),Manganese(Mn) and potassium(K) was higher than that of magnesium(Mg),calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P).This paper finished analyzing the environment difference and quality difference among habitats,the laws of quality formation,genetic diversity and germplasm stability on C.tangshen,based on investigating environmental factors,collecting soil samples,crude drugs and DNA extract materials on-the-spot from main habitats,as well as studying on dynamic changes of growth-development and field experiments of different regions and different years in C.tangshen.Furthermore,the quantitative evaluating quality of medicinal materials judging by multi-chemical composition indexes was firstly put forward in the article.Besides,the influence degree of genetic and environmental factors on quality of C.tangshen was firstly explained.These means can provide basis and method for selecting habitats and revising culture measurement in growing medicinal materials.